No abstract

In this study, the synthesis of composite biomaterials consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA)/carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) with polymeric porous scaffolds is reported. Multicomponent biodegradable polymers were applied as the scaffold. These consist of alginate and chitosan. The effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) involvement in the multicomponent polymeric scaffold was also investigated. The scaffold was loaded with HA/CHA, as bone graft materials, at various compositions. Asian moon scallop shell (Amusium pleuronectes) was used as a calcium biogenic resource for HA and CHA synthesis The effect of the PVA and HA/CHA concentration was investigated. In the absence of the PVA, the morphological study showed that the samples had porous structures with good pore interconnectivity. The XRD analysis showed that PVA reduced the crystallinity of the bone graft. The HA/CHA crystals were homogeneously dispersed. The introduction of PVA reduced the pore size and the porosity but provide stiffer materials, indicating that PVA may improve the mechanical properties of the composite. Some samples also showed the presence of small and large pores. The weight percentage content of HA or CHA influenced the crystallinity, indicating the possibility for the fabrication of tailored bone substitute materials.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAP) and Curcuma aeruginosa (C. aeruginosa) toothpastes on tooth remineralization and antibacterial/antibiofilm activity. Remineralization was evaluated by the morphological changes in extracted human premolar teeth following toothpaste application. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were evaluated by agar diffusion and microdilution methods, respectively, against S. mutans. Statistical approach was utilized to formulate 20 toothpastes with different concentration of nanoHAP and C. aeruginosa. We observed that the interaction among toothpaste ingredients determined the remineralization and antibacterial/antibiofilm activities.The optimum toothpaste formula (OF1) suggested by the prediction model was shown to induce remineralization and have comparable antibacterial activity to that

Metal implant coating engineering is needed to improve the surface biocompatibility properties of metals.  For this, coating metal surfaces with bioactive and biocompatible biomaterials will be an option. Having high biocompatibility as well as similarity in chemical properties, nanohydroxyapatite may be a candidate as biomaterials for coating the metal implant. The key to the success of metal implant plating is the formation of pores which increase the bioactivity and biocompatibility properties of the implant. In this study, nanohydroxyapatite was used to be coated on stainless steel type 316L (SS316L). To ensure that the coating works properly on the surface, an appropriate measure of gas and distance is required. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible firing distance and gas pressure of the flame spray coating technique. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and optical microscopy (OM) characterizations were carried out to determine the phase, morphology, and presence of pores. After coated product, hydroxyapatite dehydroxylation occurred which led to the tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) phases. The thickness decreases with the addition of gas pressure and the farther the firing distance the layer thickness decreases. Nanohydroxyapatite coating on a bone implant substrate can increase the porosity of the layer.

Beton Self Concrete Composite (SCC), memiliki sifat alir (flowable) sehingga dapat mengisi seluruh rongga beton tanpa melalui proses pemadatan dengan vibrator. Pemakaian beton SCC biasanya dilakukan pada struktur yang memiliki tulangan-tulangan yang rapat, dimana alat vibrator tidak dapat digunakan untuk menggetarkan dan mengeluarkan udara yang terjebak didalam beton. Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana perilaku karakteristik beton SCC menggunakan superplasticizer master glenium ACE 859 dengan variasi dosis 0%, 1,1%, 1,3%, dan 1,5% dari berat semen. Penelitian menggunakan mutu beton Fc’-60 MPa dan perencanaan menggunakan metode SNI 03-6468-2000. Hasil penelitian terhadap beton segar didapat bahwa penambahan superplasticizer pada campuran beton dapat dikategorikan sebagai beton  Self Compacting Concrete (SCC), dimana slump tertinggi pada dosis SP 1,5% sebesar 700 mm. Kuat tekan maksimum diperoleh pada pemakaian dosis SP 1,5% sebesar 72,65 MPa. Nilai absorbsi umur 28 hari terjadi penurunan disetiap penambahan dosis SP, dimana  untuk dosis SP 1,1% sebesar 0,76%, dosis SP 1,3% sebesar 0,66%, dan dosis SP 1,5% sebesar 0,60%. Hasil penelitian kuat tekan umur 28 hari membuktikan bahwa pemakaian superplasticizer master glenium ACE 8595 dapat meningkatkan mutu beton rencana dan  mengurangi penyerapan (absorpsi).