Perkembangan teknologi di era digital ini telah memperluas cakupan media elektronik smartphone sampai kepada kalangan remaja. Smartphone memiliki fungsi utama sebagai alat bantu komunikasi jarak jauh dan pencarian informasi melalui internet secara umum. Di luar itu, bagi remaja yang masih bersekolah ternyata kemunculan smartphone tidak hanya memberikan dampak positif bagi perkembangan kualitas capaian pendidikan mereka, tetapi juga berpotensi memberikan ragam dampak negatif. Dari itu, tinjauan sistematis ini mengumpulkan hasil studi ilmiah kuantitatif dan kualitatif mengenai dampak-dampak negatif adiksi smartphone terhadap aspek-aspek akademik personal remaja. Studi ini menggunakan pencarian dari dua database melalui penjelasan bentuk metasummary kualitatif. Sebanyak 10 studi terpilih berdasarkan kriteria seleksi. Hasil penelusuran studi-studi terpilih menunjukkan bahwa adiksi smartphone pada remaja sekolah menengah pertama dan sekolah menengah atas dapat beresiko menurunkan prestasi akademik, menurunkan keterlibatan akademik, mendorong munculnya perasaan tidak puas pada sekolah, meningkatkan perasaan cemas, dan memunculkan gejala depresi. Masalah perilaku lainnya yang ditemukan melalui studi terpilih dari adiksi smartphone adalah kerentanan remaja pada beban pikiran berlebihan, pengaturan perhatian, agresivitas aksi antisosial, kesulitan membangun identitas diri positif, dan peningkatan potensi aksi merusak diri. Dari semua dampak tersebut, bagian aspek akademik personal remaja yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu memburuknya prestasi akademik. Perhatian pada dampak negatif adiksi smartphone terhadap aspek akademik personal remaja dapat memberikan informasi bagi orangtua, guru, dan para profesional dalam menyusun antisipasi kerugian akademik bagi remaja, seperti dalam menyusun program sosialisasi untuk mengedukasikan penggunaan smartphone secara bijak.

Background The prevalence of gestational hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy is increasing worldwide. Diet is a modifiable factor that may influence these conditions, but few studies have examined the association between diet quality and blood pressure and glucose profiles among pregnant women. Data are especially scarce for women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 90% of global pregnancies occur, and in urban settings. We, therefore, assessed these associations among 174 pregnant women in the Asian megacity of Jakarta in a cross-sectional study of the Brain Probiotic and LC-PUFA Intervention for Optimum Early Life (BRAVE) project. Methods Trained field-enumerators collected socio-demographic characteristics, measured Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), and assessed diet by two 24-hour recalls, which were used to calculate the Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P). Blood pressure was measured by automated sphygmomanometer, and fasting blood glucose by capillary glucometer. General linear models were used to identify associations. Results The median AHEI-P score was 47.4 (IQR 19.1–76.6). The middle tertile of the AHEI-P score (39.59–56.58) was associated with a 0.4 SD (standardized effect size, 95% CI -0.7 to -0.06; p = 0.02) lower diastolic blood pressure compared with the lowest tertile (<39.59), after adjustment for level of education, smoking status, MUAC, gestational age, history of hypertension, and family history of hypertension. However, no associations were found between the AHEI-P score and systolic blood pressure and blood glucose. Conclusion Higher diet quality was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure among pregnant women in an urban LMIC community, but not with systolic blood pressure and blood glucose. A behavioral change intervention trial would be warranted to confirm the influence of diet quality on blood pressure and glucose levels and among pregnant women, and even before pregnancy.

Abstrak: Keluarga dan sekolah sebagai bagian dari sistem lingkungan saling memengaruhi perkembangan remaja, termasuk perkembangan karakternya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh gaya pengasuhan dan lingkungan nonfisik sekolah terhadap kualitas karakter remaja. Responden penelitian adalah 79 siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) swasta di Kabupaten Bogor yang terpilih melalui metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor persepsi gaya pengasuhan otoritatif ayah dan ibu lebih tinggi daripada gaya pengasuhan permisif atau otoriter. Gaya pengasuhan otoritatif ayah dan ibu berhubungan nyata dengan semakin baiknya kualitas karakter remaja. Selain itu, semakin meningkatnya persepsi remaja terhadap lingkungan nonfisik sekolah juga berhubungan dengan semakin baiknya karakter remaja. Namun analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa gaya pengasuhan ayah dan ibu yang seimbang lebih memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakter remaja dibandingkan lingkungan nonfisik sekolah. Kata Kunci: karakter remaja, lingkungan nonfisik sekolah, permisif, otoriter, dan otoritatif BALANCED PARENTING PRACTICES: A KEY FACTOR TO CHARACTER BUILDING AMONG ADOLESCENTSAbstract: Family and school as parts of environmental system interact with each other to influence adolescents' development, including their character development. The aim of this research was to describe the effect of parenting style and school's nonphysical environment on the quality of adolescents' character. The research participants were 79 students of private senior vocational high school in Bogor District who were chosen by purposive sampling technique. The result showed that perception score of fathers' and mothers' authoritative parenting style was higher than permissive and authoritarian parenting style. The authoritative parenting style of fathers and mothers had a significant correlation with the the better quality of adolescents' character. Additionally, the better the perception of teenagers to school's nonphysical environment also had a higher correlation with the better quality of the adolescents' character. However, the result of the regression analysis showed that the balanced fathers' and mother's parenting style had stronger influence on the adolescents' character than nonphysical environment of the school did. Keywords: adolescents' character, nonphysical school environment, permissive, authoritarian, authoritative PENDAHULUANTahap perkembangan yang terjadi di masa remaja menghadapkan seseorang pada berbagai perubahan baik yang terjadi dalam diri sendiri maupun yang terjadi di luar dirinya. Perubahan yang remaja alami diantaranya adalah pada kemajuan aspek perkembangan moralnya. Menurut teori Kohlberg, remaja menjadi mampu memenuhi aturan dan etika berdasarkan alasannya sendiri walaupun masih kurang baik kontrol internalnya akibat standar aturan yang dipatuhi remaja umumnya demi mendapat pengakuan dari pihak lain seperti guru dan teman-temannya (Cobb, 2001).Remaja selain mengalami kemajuan secara positif juga berpotensi untuk mengalami bermacam p...

The pandemic Covid-19 has impacted global economy, including Indonesia. In response to dealing with the spread of Covid-19 cases, Indonesian government has imposed social restrictions which directly impacts people’s economic activities including food sector. Considering rice as the main food product for most Indonesian people, this study aimed to analyze the transmission of rice prices from the producer level to the consumer level during the Covid-19 pandemic. Price transmission describes the impact of changes in the price of an item at one market level on changes in the price of the item at another market level. The data used is daily time series data from March 2020 to March 2021. The data analyzed using the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) approach. The VAR estimation results show that producer prices and consumer prices do not affect each other. The absence of price transmission between producers and consumers may indicate that government intervention to maintain rice prices during the Covid-19 pandemic has been effective.

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