Background and Aim: The utilization of cassava leaves and peels, ceara rubber leaves, sweet potato leaves, Chinese Albizia leaves, and lophatheri leaves from Bojonegoro Regency has led to the poisoning of livestock due to antinutritional factors. Nevertheless, the plants are known to have bioactive components and potential antioxidant and antibacterial activity if appropriately processed. This study aimed to determine the antinutritional compounds as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of these plants responsible for livestock poisoning in the Bojonegoro Regency. Materials and Methods: Extraction was performed by the maceration method using 70% (v/v) ethanol solvent. The samples were analyzed qualitatively to determine the presence of tannins, alkaloids, oxalates, cardiac glycosides, and cyanogenic glycosides. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, while the antimicrobial activity was assessed by different testing concentrations (125, 250, and 500 mg/mL) against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Results: The ethanolic extract of the plants was found to contain antinutritional tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and cyanogenic glycosides suspected of causing livestock poisoning. Despite the presence of these antinutrients, all extracts also had antioxidant and antibacterial potential. Cassava peels and sweet potato leaves had the highest antioxidant activity, whereas Chinese Albizia leaves had the most potent antibacterial activity. Conclusion: Cassava leaves and peels, ceara rubber leaves, sweet potato leaves, Chinese Albizia leaves, and lophatheri leaves obtained from Bojonegoro Regency and used as agricultural waste contain antinutritional factors but also possess potentially effective antioxidant and antimicrobial components.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek doksisiklin (golongan tetrasiklin) yang diberikan dalam dosis pencegahan setiap hari melalui pakan dan air minum terhadap residu yang timbul pada daging broiler. Sebanyak 100 ppm doksisiklin dicampur dalam air minum (1 g/10 l air minum) dan pakan (1 g/10 kg pakan) diberikan setiap hari selama pemeliharaan. Sampel daging ayam diambil setiap minggu untuk pemeriksaan residu menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi dengan proses ekstraksi jaringan sesuai standar Association of Offi cial Analytical Chemistry. Hasil pemeriksaan residu menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok ayam yang diberi doksisiklin melalui air minum memiliki kadar residu lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibandingkan kelompok ayam yang diberi doksisiklin lewat pakan, kecuali pada minggu kelima, tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Kadar residu tertinggi ditemukan pada minggu pertama kelompok air minum (0,96±0,15 µg/g), dan kadar terendah pada minggu keenam pada kelompok pakan (0,10±0,01 µg/g). Kadar residu doksisiklin yang melebihi batas yang diijinkan oleh Standar Nasional Indonesia sebesar 0,1 µg/g. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian doksisiklin dalam dosis pencegahan setiap hari tidak dianjurkan karena mengakibatkan residu yang tinggi dalam daging broiler.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas enrofloksasin terhadap infeksi bakteri pada saluran pencernaan ular sanca batik (Python  reticulatus). Ular yang digunakan berjumlah 10 ekor dan terindikasi klinis mengalami gangguan pencernaan berupa keradangan pada mulut. Sampel yang diambil adalah swab mulut dan kloaka untuk pemeriksaan mikrobiologi berupa isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri pada media brilliant green agar, Mc Conkay agar, triple sugar iron, dan pembiakan isolat murni. Setelah pengambilan sampel semua ular diinjeksi dengan enrofloksasin 5 mg/kg bobot badan, dosis tunggal secara intramuskular anterior. Pengamatan klinis dilakukan hingga semua ular dinyatakan sembuh dari keradangan mulut. Hasil pemeriksaan mikrobiologi menunjukkan adanya bakteri Salmonella sp., E. coli, dan Proteus sp. pada saluran pencernaan ular. Enrofloksasin yang diberikan secara injeksi intramuskular anterior mampu memberikan kesembuhan dalam rentang waktu 4-16 hari setelah pemberian.

Phytobiotic is a derivative compound from plants that have the benefits as medicine or growth promoter. The compound had studied on it’s beneficial effect as growth promoter in poultry. This study has deducted to know the effect of Macleaya cordata extract and Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus debrueckii susp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Enterococcus faecium, dan Streptococcus salivarius susp. Thermophilus as feed additive products toward the feed convertion rate (FCR) and the percentage of abdominal lipid. The 60 of day old chick were maintained and devided into four groups consist of 15 chicken each (n=5, r=3). Group A treated with phytobiotic (Macleaya extract) 0.125 mg/kg of feed, group B treated with probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus debrueckii susp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Enterococcus faecium, dan Streptococcus salivarius susp. Thermophilus (probiotic product) 0 ,100 mg/kg of feed, group C treated with both phytobiotic and probiotic dose of 0,075 mg/kg dan 0,050 mg/kg of feed, respectively, and group K which no additives in feed. Body weight measurement did in every week. At day- 30 the broilers were euthanized and abdominal lipid weighted. The body weight and abdominal lipid measurements were analizyd with one way ANOVA, FCR values evaluated descriptively. The results showed that FCR of group A,B,C were better than control group (K) (A=1.21;B=1.20;C=1.26;K=1.32). The body weight between groups had no significant difference (P> 0.05), meanwhile the weight of abdominal lipid of group A,B,C, were lower (P<0.05) than control group (K). The percentage of abdominal lipid compare to body weight of group B and C were lower than K. It concluded that supplementation of Macleaya cordata extract and Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus debrueckii susp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Enterococcus faecium, dan Streptococcus salivarius susp. Thermophilus had benefits to reduce the abdominal lipid in broilers and gave the better FCR values.

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