The present study explored relationships between personality traits; boldness, activity and 2 sociability, and lateralized utilization of brain hemispheres in the hatchery reared juveniles of Deccan Mahseer (Tor khudree), a game fish inhabiting the rivers of central and southern 2 India. Our results revealed a significant positive correlation between boldness and activity in 2 this species when tested in isolation. However, boldness was positively correlated with the 2 time spent near the individual conspecific but not with the individual alien invasive 2 heterospecific tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Although juvenile Deccan mahseer 3 exhibited significant variation in the preference towards conspecific over heterospecific, no 3 divergence in the utilization of right or left eye was seen while observing these individuals 3 suggesting the lack of lateralized utilization of the brain hemispheres. Furthermore, laterality 3 in visual preference failed to show any significant correlation with any of the personality 3 traits tested in this species. Results are discussed in the light of the existing literature on the 3 impact of life in homogenous hatchery conditions on the behaviour, personality traits and 3 cognitive abilities of fishes.

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Administering therapeutics through the oral route is a pervasive and widely approved medication administration approach. However, it has been found that many drugs show low systemic absorption when delivered through this route. Such limitations of oral drug delivery can be overcome by polymeric micelles acting as vehicles. As a result, they improve drug absorption by protecting loaded drug substances from the gastrointestinal system's hostile conditions, allowing controlled drug release at a specific site, extending the time spent in the gut through mucoadhesion, and inhibiting the efflux pump from reducing therapeutic agent accumulation. To promote good oral absorption of a weakly water-soluble medicinal drug, the loaded medicine should be protected from the hostile atmosphere of the GI tract. Polymeric micelles can be stacked with a broad assortment of ineffectively dissolvable medications, improving bioavailability. This review discusses the major mechanism, various types, advantages, and limitations for developing the polymeric micelle system and certain micellar drug delivery system applications. The primary goal of this review is to illustrate how polymeric micelles can be used to deliver poorly water-soluble medications.

Nanogels are hydrogels loaded with the active compounds encapsulated, or in matrix form with a size of nano regime, incorporated with cross-linked polymeric structures. Nanogels have a great capacity to administer drugs in the transdermal system. It can undergo stimulus-responsive nature which helps to obtain either controlled or sustained release of a drug due to the mucoadhesive nature of the nanogel. Stimuli-dependent response of nanogels shows its effectiveness towards anticancer, anti-inflammatory due to modified release triggered by alterations in pH, temperature, enzymes, light, and ionic content. Biodegradable polymer shows its effectiveness in the formulation of nanogel. Other potential benefits achieved by nanogel include increased drug loading ability, physical stability, improved patient compliance, accumulation at the target site, enhanced bioavailability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability which are the key points in designing an effective formulation. Herbal drugs can be effectively encapsulated and delivered by using nanogel as a carrier. This review insights the advance development, limitations, and therapeutic significance of nanogel formulations. It also highlights the release of drugs in response to stimuli. Various biodegradable polymers used in nanogel formulation are also discussed. This review helps understand the biomedical applications of nanogels in cancer drug delivery and its imaging, anti‐inflammatory therapy, antifungal and antimicrobial therapy, anti‐psoriatic therapy, transdermal delivery, ocular and protein/peptide drug delivery, and therapy.