No abstract

Diabetes mellitus and obesity are very similar in terms of pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Most obese patients have adipose tissue dysfunction caused by genetic and environmental factors. Adipose tissue is the source of adipokines secreted from adipocytes. Vaspin (visceral adşpose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor), Visfatin (pre-B cell enhancing factor) and Chemerin are adipokines discovered in recent years. The study consists of 43 non-diabetic obese and 51 diabetic obese individuals. The PCR-RFLP method and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques were used to detect gene polymorphisms of Chemerin rs17173608, Vaspin rs2236242 and Visfatin rs2110385 from DNA samples. In our study, when diabetic obese and non-diabetic obese patient groups were examined in terms of Vaspin gene polymorphism, statistically significant results were obtained (22% → 7%, p=0.048, respectively). The distribution of Chemerin or Visfatin gene variants were not different in study groups (p>0.05). Our results indicate that Chemerin rs17173608 and Visfatin rs2110385 gene polymorphisms were not risk factors for development of diabetes in obese individuals, however, Vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism may be a contributory risk of development of diabetes in obese individuals.

Introduction: Although potential relationships with genetic variants of MLCK2, AMPD1 and COL5A1 have been detected in molecular studies evaluating sports performance from the genetic perspective, there are limited data in terms of muscle endurance and physical fitness. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to evaluate these variants in terms of lower limb muscle endurance and physical fitness in thirty-three soccer players. Genotypes were determined by High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis in qPCR after genomic DNA was isolated from buccal swab samples from the participants. Measurements of lower limb muscle endurance, the dynamic leap and balance test (DLBT), and the standing broad jump test (SBJ) were taken for all the participants. Results: Greater height (p = 0.006), higher DLBT (p = 0.016) and SBJ (p = 0.033) scores, as well as greater left hip adduction (p <0.001), were detected in those with the CT genotype for AMPD1 as compared to those with CC. For MLCK rs28497577, it was found that the players carrying the AA genotype were taller (p = 0.046), heavier (p = 0.049), and had greater left knee extension (p=0.014) and left foot plantar flexion (p =0.040) than those carrying the C allele. Those with the CT genotype for COL5A1 rs12722 had greater right hip extension (p = 0.040) and right knee extension (p = 0.048) than those with the CC genotype. Conclusions: Our results showed that MLCK2 and COL5A1 gene variants are associated with body composition and lower limb muscle endurance, and the presence of the AMPD1 CT genotype may contribute positively to balance, correct positioning, controlled strength, and hip mobility. Evidence level II; Comparative prospective study .

Kan glukozunun yükselmesiyle karakterize olan diyabet, pankreastaki fonksiyon bozukluğu neticesinde oluşmaktadır ve bu durum insülin etkisine karşı dirence veya insülin üretiminin azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Diyabet, Tip-I ve Tip-II olmak üzere iki grupta incelenmektedir. Tip-I diyabet, pankreasın beta hücresinden salınan insülin hormonundaki yetersizlik neticesinde gelişim göstermektedir. Burada T-hücresi aracılığıyla gerçekleşen otoimmün yanıtın, pankreasın beta hücre fonksiyonunu etkilediği bilinmektedir. Tip-II diyabet sağlıksız beslenme, hareketsizlik, genetik-çevresel faktörlerden kaynaklı gelişim göstermektedir. Prevalansı yüksek Tip-II diyabette, insülin direnci oluşumu, beta hücre fonksiyonunda kayıp ile hiperglisemi gelişmektedir. Tümör nekroz faktör ilişkili apoptoz indükleyici ligand (TRAIL), tümör nekroz faktör (TNF)-süper ailesinin üyesi olup; Tip-II transmembran proteini olarak ifade edilmektedir. İmmün yanıt ve inflamasyonun düzenlenmesinde önemli fonksiyonlara sahiptir. Biyolojik etkilerini, hücre yüzeyindeki reseptörleri sayesinde gerçekleştirmektedir. TNF-alfa’nın senteziyle oluşan lenfosit infiltratları, Tip-I diyabete yol açmaktadır. TRAIL’in diyabet gelişimindeki rolüyle ilgili çalışmalar ilk olarak hayvan modellemeleriyle başlamıştır. TRAIL eksikliği olan hayvan çalışmalarında, otoimmün kaynaklı diyabetin ve pankreatik adacık inflamasyonunun arttığı kaydedilmiştir. Bu bulgular TRAIL’in diyabet patofizyolojisinde önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Klinik veriler neticesinde TRAIL ekspresyonunun sağlıklı bireylerde yüksek olması obezite ve diyabette koruyucu bir rolü olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu derlemede, elde edilen bulgular temelinde TRAIL’in diyabetteki koruyucu rolünün incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir.

Objectives Diabetes is a chronic group of metabolic disorders those generally present with hyperglycemia hence insulin synthesis defects due to multifactorial causes in beta cells in the Langerhans islets of the pancreas. In the development of diabetes, genetic predisposition is as important as environmental factors. As a result of polymorphism studies in diabetic patients, many genes were associated with the development of diabetes. In our study, we aimed to represent the relationship between diabetes and certain variants of the Ghrelin (GHRL), Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α) genes which are generally associated with diabetes and obesity. Methods One-hundred type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and ninety-four healthy volunteers were enrolled in our study. GHRL (rs4684677), FTO (rs8044769) and PGC-1α (rs8192678) gene polymorphism studies were performed by the Real-Time PCR method. Results The carriers of the TT genotype for the FTO (rs8044769) and the GG genotype for the PGC-1α (rs8192678) variants were found more frequently in the patient group, while the GHRL (rs4684677) did not differ between the groups. For the PGC-1α (rs8192678) variant in the patient group, glucose and BMI levels were observed significantly higher in carriers of the GA genotype than those with the GG genotype. There was no statistical difference in the distribution of GHRL (rs4684677) alleles among the groups. Conclusions We conclude that the FTO (rs8044769) and PGC-1α (rs8192678) variants are associated with T2DM in the Turkish population. However, there is no association between GHRL (rs4684677) and T2DM.