Secara geografis, wilayah Kalimantan Barat berbatasan dengan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dan Kalimantan Timur, yang sebagian besar wilayahnya merupakan tanah datar dan sebagian merupakan daerah berbukit dan bergunung. Di samping orang Dayak yang merupakan penduduk asli, ada pula keturunan pendatang yang mendiami wilayah tersebut, yang terdiri dari orang Melayu,
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sistem hukum adat yang masih berlangsung pada suku Dayak Ribun di Kecamatan Parindu Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat. Subjek penelitian adalah Etnik Dayak Ribun. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan etnografi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pengamatan secara langsung, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Etnik Dayak Ribun adalah subetnik Dayak Klemantan mendiami pedalaman Kabupaten Sanggau, terutama di Kecamatan Parindu dan sebagian kecil di Kecamatan Tayan Hulu, Tayan Hilir, Bonti, dan Kembayan. Secara historis, nenek moyang etnik ini berasal dari perbatasan Kalimantan Barat-Malaysia, yaitu di daerah Nekan Entikong yang sekarang dikenal dengan Tembawang Ribun. Besar kecilnya hukuman adat diukur dengan istilah tahil. Hukuman adat yang paling berat adalah hukuman perkara pembunuhan, baik pembunuhan yang direncanakan maupun tidak sengaja yang disebut dengan adat patinyawa. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini bahwa kearifan lokal dan hukum adat yang merupakan kerangka etnografi yang dimiliki oleh etnik Dayak Ribun perlu dilestarikan. Hal ini mengingat perkembangan teknologi hari ini yang begitu cepat, maka tidak menutup kemungkinan kearifan lokal yang diwariskan oleh nenek moyang mereka akan tergerus zaman. This study describes the customary legal system that is still taking place at Dayak Ribun in Parindu District, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan. The subject of the study was Dayak Ribun ethnic. The approach used in this study is the ethnographic approach. Data collection uses live observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results showed that Dayak Ribun ethnic is a root ethnik from Dayak Klemantan inhabiting the interior of Sanggau Regency, especially in Parindu District and a small part in the districts of Tayan Hulu, Tayan Hilir, Bonti, and Kembayan. Historically, this ethnic ancestor came from west Kalimantan-Malaysia border in Nekan Entikong area which is now known as Tembawang Ribun. The size of the customary punishment is measured by tahil terms. The harshest customary punishment is murder, whether the planned or in-accident murder called the patinyawa custom. The implication of this research is that local wisdom and customary law which is an ethnographic framework owned by Dayak Ribun ethnic needs to be preserved. This is considering the rapid development of technology today, it does not close the possibility that local wisdom inherited by their ancestors will be eroded by the times.
Keberadaan perkebunan kelapa sawit telah mengurangi luas hutan, sehingga memunculkan keberadaan Dayak Ribun yang melihat hutan sebagai basis utama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka. Berbagai bentuk perilaku lahir dan mendorong perubahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperjelas perubahan pola hidup masyarakat adat Dayak Ribun sebelum dan sesudah adanya perkebunan kelapa sawit. Keberadaan kawasan perkebunan membuat kehidupan di Dayak Ribun menjadi pola yang belum muncul di masa lalu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Parindu, Kabupaten Sangau, Kalimantan Barat dengan menggunakan metode etnografi. Pengumpulan data lapangan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan live-in di kawasan Dayak Ribun. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan pola hidup masyarakat Dayak Ribun terjadi dalam berbagai dimensi. Perubahan pola peran keluarga, perubahan hak milik, perubahan pola morfologi dan kondisi rumah, serta perubahan tradisi dan agama, perubahan pola bahasa, perubahan pola seni, perubahan pola pakaian (fashion), dan perubahan pola konsumsi. Dari aspek perubahan gaya hidup, cara pandang dan arah penilaian memiliki sesuatu akan berubah, dan akan dirasakan bukan sebagai pelengkap belaka, tetapi sebagai pengakuan status sosial atau peningkatan status sosial. Perubahan sosial yang terjadi dalam masyarakat menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara perubahan dalam satu dimensi dan perubahan pada dimensi lainnya. The existence of oil palm plantations has reduced the forest area, thus giving rise to the existence of the Dayak Ribun who see the forest as the main base to meet their needs. Various forms of behavior are born and encourage change. The purpose of this study is to clarify the changes in the lifestyle of the Dayak Ribun indigenous people before and after the existence of oil palm plantations. The existence of plantation areas makes life in the Dayak Ribun a pattern that has not appeared in the past. This research was conducted in Parindu District, Sangau Regency, West Kalimantan using ethnographic methods. Field data collection using observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and live-in in the Dayak Ribun area. The results of this study indicate that changes in the lifestyle of the Dayak Ribun community occur in various dimensions. changes in the pattern of family roles, changes in property rights, changes in morphological patterns and housing conditions, as well as changes in tradition and religion, changes in language patterns, changes in art patterns, changes in clothing patterns (fashion), and changes in consumption patterns. From the aspect of lifestyle changes, the perspective and direction of the assessment of having something will change, and it will be perceived not as a mere complement, but as an acknowledgment of social status or an increase in social status. Social changes that occur in society show a correlation between changes in one dimension and changes in other dimensions.
The natural and social environmental impacts of the expansion of palm oil plantation companies have invited many protests from the local communities and local NGOS. The many consequences of this expansion have been documented to include increasingly the deforesation and conversion of forest areas. Then invites polemic and conflict between oil palm plantation companies and local communities. In this study took place in Batu Daya village of Ketapang Regency, where indigenous peoples and local communities who have settled hereditary and actively use the forest for daily needs and make a living, according to indigenous knowledge and traditions. They must participate in the games of palm oil companies in the management of their private land. This research uses qualitative methods with ethnographic approaches, where the analysis of conflicts as data analysis. The data used is primary data through interviews and observations in the field, then secondary data comes from village government documents, corporate documents, government regulations and scientific journals. The findings of this research is a communal conflict that occurred between the Palm Plantation company PT. Swadaya Mukti Prakarsa initiative with the community in Batu Daya Village, due to changes in the socio-economic structure of the community traditional landscape on the potential of natural wealth to the capitalist system through the core and plasma patterns. Then, the process of communal conflict between palm plantation company PT. Swadaya Mukti Prakasa with the people of Batu Daya village as a result of the society felt not to get enlightened life as hope. The communal conflict between the palm Plantation company PT. Swadaya Mukti Prakasa initiative with the people of Batu Daya village has actually been mediated by local NGO’s in West Kalimantan. Keywords: Conflict; Palm Oil; Company; Customary Community Abstrak Terjadinya dampak lingkungan alam dan sosial dari ekspansi perusahaan perkebunan kelapa sawit banyak mengundang protes dari masyarakat, komunitas lokal dan LSM lokal. Banyaknya akibat dari ekspansi ini berhasil didokumentasikan meliputi deforesasi yang semakin merajalela dan konversi wilayah hutan yang luas. Hal ini kemudian mengundang polemik dan konflik antara perusahaan perkebunan sawit dengan masyarakat lokal. Pada penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di Desa Batu Daya Kabupaten Ketapang, dimana masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal yang telah menetap secara turun-temurun dan secara aktif menggunakan hutan untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari dan mencari nafkah, sesuai dengan pengetahuan dan tradisi adat. Mereka harus ikut ke dalam permainan perusahaan kelapa sawit dalam pengelolaan lahan milik pribadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi, dimana analisis konflik sebagai pisau analisa data. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer melalui wawancara dan observasi di lapangan, kemudian data sekunder berasal dari dokumen pemerintahan desa, dokumen perusahaan, peraturan pemerintah dan jurnal ilmiah. Temuan penelitian ini yaitu konflik komunal yang terjadi antara Perusahaan Perkebunan Sawit PT. Swadaya Mukti Prakarsa dengan masyarakat di Desa Batu Daya, disebabkan perubahan struktur sosial-ekonomi masyarakat dari sistem peladangan tradisional atas potensi kekayaan alam ke sistem kapitalis melalui pola inti dan plasma. Kemudian, proses konflik komunal antara Perusahaan Perkebunan Sawit PT. Swadaya Mukti Prakarsa dengan masyarakat Desa Batu Daya sebagai akibat dari masyarakat merasa tidak mendapatkan pencerahan hidup sebagaimana harapan (untung-rugi yang tidak jelas). Konflik komunal antara Perusahaan Perkebunan Sawit PT. Swadaya Mukti Prakarsa dengan masyarakat Desa Batu Daya sebenarnya telah ditengahi oleh berbagai LSM lokal di Kalbar. Kata Kunci: Konflik; Kelapa Sawit; Perusahaan; Adat
The existence of the Sampan Paddle Miner in the Dalam Bugis Village, East Pontinaka still persists, although the road and bridge infrastructure that connects this village to the city center is already available. The purpose of this study was to confirm the existence of rowboat miners so that they still survive. The method used is a descriptive analytical method with a qualitative approach,describing the state of the studied community as it is. The results showed that this profession was chosen because it did not require any skill or level of education, rowing skills and owning a canoe were sufficient. The perception of canoe miners is very positive, the work they are involved in is a decent job and does not look down on other jobs.
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