Kapas (Gossypium barbadense L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi dapat dikembangkan menjadi agen antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan antibakteri senyawa kimia di dalam ekstrak etanol daun kapas terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat. Ekstraksi daun kapas dilakukan secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar dengan teknik sumuran dan ekstrak uji dibuat seri konsentrasi. Kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) bioautografi dan pereaksi kromogenik digunakan dalam identifikasi golongan senyawa yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kapas dengan konsentrasi 50% memberikan daya hambat terbesar terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan diameter 12,28±0,63 mm sedangkan ekstrak etanol 70% memberikan aktivitas terbesar terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dengan diameter 11,40±0,32 mm. Golongan senyawa yang diduga bertanggung jawab terhadap aktivitas antibakteri yaitu golongan flavonoid. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Daun Kapas (Gossypium barbadense L.), Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis

Tofu wastewater is the origination of tofu’s production process that can degrade the quality of the environment if not handled properly. Another impact of this waste is the potential attack that could evoke the diseases such as diarrhea, skin diseases, and other illnesses for people who use the stream flow that has been polluted by this wastewater. However, the high-carbohydrate and protein of this waste may allow it to be used more as a microbial growth substrate to produce a Single-cell Protein. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum incubation time and the highest protein content of Rhizopus oryzae in the medium of tofu wastewater based on the calculation of protein content percentage and the analysis of cell dry mass. And to know the optimum pH growth with the variation of pH growth which is about 4, 5, and 6. The calculation is performed in accordance with the fermentation time at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Total protein content calculated by the Kjeldahl method. The results showed the highest protein content obtained in the incubation period to 48 hours with an average percent of protein about 0.47%, 0.47%, 0.46% and a mass of cell with an average value of 0.77%, 0, 84% and 0.91%. The optimum pH of Rhizopus oryzae growth in the medium of tofu wastewater is about 5 pH. It can be concluded that the wastewater of tofu potentially used as a growth substrate of Rhizopus oryzae. Keywords: Wastewater of Tofu, Single-cell Protein, Rhizopus oryzae.

This study aims to inventory and to know the ways of utilization as well as parts of the plants which have been used by people of Kaili Moma Tribe in Kulawi Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. This research is a descriptive study which used qualitative methods and purposive sampling technique through open-ended interviews to 87 people of Kaili Moma Tribe using questionnaire. The results of this study showed that there were 51 species of plants, classified into 29 familia, used as remedies (traditional medicine) for the treatments of 41 types of disease. The most widely used plants came from family Lamiaceae with percentage of 17%.  The parts of plant used by the people included leaves, fruits, stems, tubers, roots, rhizomes, seeds, herbs, flowers and thorns. Part of the plants most frequently used as remedies is leaf with percentage of 49%. Ways of the plants utilization were very diverse, such as boiling; squeezing, and pounding. The people use them in ways of drinking, eating, rubbing, and affixing them to the affected part.

This study aims to find out and to inventory the types and parts of plants as well as to dig up information about ways of their utilization as remedy used by Bungku people “To Bungku”. It was conducted from August to December 2015 in Bungku Subdistrict, Central Bungku, Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi. This research is a descriptive study using qualitative methods and snowball sampling technique on 12 informants through data collection by questionnaire. Results of this etnopharmacy study revealed that there were 62 species of medicinal plants divided into 34 familia. The most widely used plants came from familia Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Zingiberaceae, each was as many as 8%. Parts of plant including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and bulbs were used in accordance with their function. Leaves were the ones used with the highest percentage (50%). Bungku people used medicinal plants to treat diseases such as kidney stone, diabetes, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, abscess, candidiasis, gout, cancer, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, dyspepsia, cough, abdominal pain, malaria, hematuria, skin inflammation, headache, fever, bronchitis, dysentery, asthma, stroke, gallstones, urinary tract infections, broken bones, nail-punctured, wound ulcers, burns, hepatitis, appendicitis. Ways of the utilization were very diverse such as boiling then drinking the decoction; crushing then rubbing on the necessary skin; attaching to the body; squeezing then drinking the juice; and heating on the fire. Processing by boiling has the largest percentage, as much as 54%

Obat diare alami yang secara empiris digunakan oleh masyarakat salah satunya adalah daun jarak merah (Jatropha gossypifolia L.). Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas antidiare ekstrak etanol daun jarak merah terhadap mencit jantan yang diinduksi supaya diare dengan bakteri Escherichia coli dan pada dosis berapa ekstrak daun jarak merah efektif sebagai antidiare. Rancangan Acak Lengkap secara in vivo dipilih sebagai desain penelitian dengan enam perlakuan. Jumlah bakteri Escherichia coli sebagai penginduksi diare disetarakan dengan 9,0 x 108 CFU/mL dengan volume pemberian sebanyak 0,5 mL. Variasi dosis ekstrak yang digunakan yaitu 28 mg/20 g BB, 56 mg/20 g BB dan 84 mg/20 g BB. Parameter yang diamati antara lain waktu saat mulai terjadi diare, frekuensi buang air besar, perubahan konsistensi feses, bobot feses dan lama terjadinya diare (durasi). Sidik ragam satu arah dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian dengan parameter waktu saat mulai terjadi diare pada pemberian dosis ekstrak daun jarak merah 84 mg/20 g BB memberikan waktu terlama di antara dosis uji lainnya (82,5 menit). Pada pemberian dosis tersebut, memberikan hasil frekuensi diare terendah (0,32 kali), konsistensi feses terendah (0,64) dan bobot feses terendah (0,053 g) serta lama diare yang tersingkat (157.5 menit). Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukkan tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol positif loperamid maupun kontrol positif kotrimoksazol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dosis efektif ekstrak daun jarak merah sebagai antidiare yaitu 84 mg/20 g BB.