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-In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of Tiron along with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin E against vanadium intoxication in female albino rats. Toxicant caused significant increase in the activities of serum transaminases, serum alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Significant decrease was observed in blood sugar, serum albumin and triglyceride levels whereas serum proteins, cholesterol and urea levels increased significantly during toxicity (p ≤ 0.001). Hepatic lipid peroxidation increased significantly, whereas significant depletion was observed in reduced glutathione after vanadium administration. The activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver was also inhibited significantly after vanadium administration. A significant rise was observed in glycogen content of liver and kidney after toxicant exposure. Activities of alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase were inhibited significantly on the contrary activity of acid phosphatase elevated in kidney. Histopathological examination of the liver and kidney using light and ultramicroscopic study also substantiated the above findings. It was found that therapy with Tiron was effective but significant recovery in all the parameters was found with Tiron + Se followed by Tiron+ VitE and Tiron +Zn.

Oral dosage forms are the most popular way of taking medication, despite having some disadvantages compared with other methods like risk of slow absorption of the medicament, which can be overcome by administering the drug in liquid form, therefore, possibly allowing the use of a lower dosage. However, instability of many drugs in liquid dosage form limits its use. Effervescent technique can be used as alternate to develop a dosage form which can accelerate drug disintegration and dissolution, is usually applied in quick release preparations. Along with the development of new pharmaceutical technique, effervescent tablets are more and more extensively to adjust the behavior of drug release, such as in sustained and controlled release preparations, pulsatile drug delivery systems, and so on. In this review we have discussed about formulation, evaluation, advantages of effervescent tablets and also demonstrated the new applying of effervescent technique in effervescent tablets. Keywords: Effervescent tablets. Carbon tablet, Effervescent granules.

The suspension is a biphasic liquid or semi-solid dosage form where the finely divided insoluble solid drug particles are homogeneously dispersed in a liquid or semi-solid medium. The solid drug particles act here as the dispersed phase and the liquid or the semi-solid as the dispersion medium. The particle diameter in a suspension is usually greater than 0.5 µm. However, it is difficult and also impractical to impose a sharp boundary between the suspensions and the dispersions having finer particles. Suspensions are an important class of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The advantages of suspension dosage forms include effective dispensing of hydrophobic drugs; avoidance of the use of cosolvents; masking of unpleasant taste of certain ingredients; offering resistance to degradation of drugs due to hydrolysis, oxidation or microbial activity; easy swallowing for young or elderly patients; and efficient intramuscular depot therapy. In addition, when compared to solution dosage forms, relatively higher concentration of drugs can be incorporated into suspension products. The present review provides an overview of various aspects of suspensions such as classification of suspensions, theories of suspensions, various suspending agents, formulations aspects of suspensions, stability of suspensions and recent research work that is being carried on suspensions. Keywords: Suspensions, suspending agents, flocculated, Stability.

Antimicrobial property of Nelumbo nuciferawas evaluated. Flower and seed pod of Nelumbo nuciferawas collected, and identified. Morphologically, flowers were pink colored with smooth texture and seeds were dark brown. Powdered plant material was extracted by maceration method in ethanol. Ethanolic Extract of Flowers and seeds were dark brown, semisolid and percentage yields were 15.52 and 36.75% respectively. Various phytochemical tests were revealed that the carbohydrates and glycosides, proteins and free amino acids, fixed oils and fats, steroids and triterpenoids were present in both extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay, the IC50 were calculated. Antimicrobial testing were performed against Gram positive (Staphylococcus Aureus) and Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas Aeruginosa) and strain of fungus (C. Albicans and A. Niger). Antimicrobial activities were estimated by disk diffusion method. It was observed that extract of flowers was more effective but extract of Seeds was less effective against Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Cefotaxime was used as standard. Extract of flowers was equally effective against candida albicans and Aspergilusniger but extract of seeds was not effective against both fungal strains.