No abstract

The activities of States in the exploration and use of outer space began since Uni Sovyet was launching Sputnik sattelite at 1957 and than followed the first manned spaceflight launched namely Yuri Gagarin at 1961. In their activities, manned spaceflight get law protection according Space Treaty  and Rescue Agrement. Article 5 Space Treaty regulate that State Parties to the treaty shall regard astonauts as envoys of mankind in outer space and shall render to them all possible assistance in the event of accident, distress, or emergency landing of another State Party. In the other side, the activities of commercial use of outer space is developing, the one is space tourism. This matter not yet be regulated so if there are many  problems about the law protection of space tourists and the activities of outer space that performed by private enterprises, the treaties of outer space can be applicated. Key word :  space tourism, outer space treaty

This article examined the ethical and moral dimensions of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing and related crimes and explores the means to realize justice for the oceans. It needed a new paradigm for addressing the issues. The methods of discussion used statute approach and philosophical approach. Based on the research, it was known that IUU fishing related to other crimes and Transnational Organized Crime, so it was necessary to recognize the concept of transnational organized fisheries crime. The IPOA-IUU fishing and UNCLOS 1982 were not adequate to counter it. In the terms of ethics and morals, IUU fishing had violated the ecosystems ethics, the principles of sustainability, values of respect for human rights and justice for the oceans. Justice for the oceans can be realized with recognition of the ocean rights. It meant, the oceans was recognized had the equal position with humans. The oceans needed space to breathe and to breed for recovery itself. The legal consequences of the recognition of oceans rights, among others, extended the legal standing. It provided sanctions for perpetrators and provided obligations for States to protect the ocean rights.

Health services are not always able to deliver the results expected by the patient or the patient's family. The gap often makes the dissatisfaction that arises medical disputes, including disputes in the hospital. Law No. 44 of 2009 on the Hospital Board of Supervisors ordered the establishment of the Hospital that one role is to resolve disputes hospital. But government regulation of the Hospital Board of Supervisors recently issued in August 2013, and setting the Hospitals Act does not mention the prior regulations promulgated which raises normative barriers. The method used is normative. Results of this study is that the Supervisory Board has the task Central Hospital preparing procedures for handling complaints and mediation, while receiving the complaint and make efforts to resolve the dispute by way of mediation is the Supervisory Board Provincial Hospital. Hospital Board of Supervisors province can not perform tasks because the procedures for complaints and mediation has not been established by the Board of Supervisors Hospital Center. Law No. 44 Year 2009 has a setting that is not in sync with Act No. 39 of 2009 and Law No. 29 of 2004.Keywords: Supervisory Board Hospitals, normative barriers, dispute resolution, hospitals

Internal displacement is one of humanitarian problem that need to be handled in accordance to humanitarian principles.  The usual causes of internal displacement are, as results of armed conflicts, violations of human rights, and natural disaster. Internal displacement is different with refugees. For refugees who crossed border to another  country there was a protection has been regulated under The Convention relating to The Status of Refugees 1951, but for Internally Displaced Persons remain within their own countries without legal protection under international law.  To fulfill this vacuum, United Nations has stipulated a Guiding Principle on Internal Displacement in 2001.This guidance is can promote international humanitarian law and human rights law. Kata kunci: pengungsi domestik, perlindungan, hukum humaniter dan hak asasi manusia