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There is a large amount of sulfur compound in crude oil, sulfur gases such us H2S for example are emitted and can affect the environment and finally can cause problems during the processing operation of crude oil. Therefore, in this study, a method for the removal of sulfur from crude oil using an ultrasound device has been proposed. This method is a combination of oxidative method and applying ultrasonic waves to achieve the allowable sulfur content in crude oil. Samples of crude oil have been taken that we got from an al-Najaf refinery to study the effect of three parameters (activated carbon weight, hydrogen peroxide volume, and acetic acid volume) at 50oC on the desulfurization process. the optimum result of desulfurization has been found to be (81.325%) at activated carbon amount of (9gm) with (H2O2/acetic acid)(40/30)ml.

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A study of characteristics of the lubricant oils and the physical properties is essential to know the quality of lubricant oils. The parameters that lead to classify oils have been studied in this research. Three types of multi-grades lubricant oils were applied under changing temperatures from 25 oC to 78oC to estimate the physical properties and mixture compositions. Kinematic viscosity, viscosity gravity constant and paraffin (P), naphthenes (N) and aromatics (A) (PNA) analysis are used to predict the composition of lubricants oil. Kinematic viscosity gives good behaviors and the oxidation stability for each lubricant oils. PNA analysis predicted fractions of paraffin (XP), naphthenes (XN), and aromatics (XA) for each one give us a good value for sample 3 (15W40) leads to suitable classification for this type multi-grade oils by kinematic viscosity

Two dimensions of Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation for gas flow in the column with filling material as bed at low particle Reynolds numbers and high particle Reynolds numbers have been presented. The simulation test has been done with the column length 0.9 m. Porous media model was used to simulate the gas flow inside porous granular media. Model of standard k-e for the flow turbulent range was used; the difference on the mesh size used to study effect it on the performance of gas flow through porous media. The result of flow rate of the gas was an important variable influencing bed and there are good results between the CFD simulation of pressure drop and the predicted values from Ergun model, and Computational Fluid Dynamics gave us simulation with high details for porous flow in packed bed equipment.