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In February 2012, a massive new foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak struck Egypt. In this work, one-step RT-PCR assays were used for in-house detection and differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in Egypt in this year using pan-serotypic and serotype-targeting sequence primers. FMDV SAT2 was the dominant virus in the examined isolates from the epidemic. The complete VP1 coding regions of two isolates were sequenced. The two isolates had 99.2 % sequence identity to most contemporary Egyptian SAT2 reference viruses, whereas they had 89.7-90.1 % identity to the SAT2/EGY/2/2012 isolate, which was collected from Alexandria, Egypt, and previously sequenced by WRLFMD. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Egypt had one topotype and two lineage of FMDV SAT2 in 2012. The Egyptian and the Palestinian 2012 strains were associated mainly with topotype VII, lineage SAT2/VII/Ghb-12, while the virus isolated from Alexandria Governorate belonged to the SAT2/VII/Alx-12 lineage. Topotype VII also comprised lineages that included strains isolated from Libya in 2012 and 2003. Furthermore, within the same topotype, the Egyptian SAT2/2012 isolates were related to strains from Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Cameroon and Nigeria. Nevertheless, more epidemiological work with neighboring countries is needed to prevent cross-border spread of disease and to reach a precise conclusion about the origin of the 2012 FMDV SAT2 emergency in the Middle East.

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Background: The aminoglycosides family of antibiotics are widely used as a prophylactic measure against bacterial contamination in animal vaccine production. Objective: Screening the antiviral activity of some members of aminoglycosides on foot and mouth disease (FMD) viruses used in the preparation of FMD vaccine in veterinary serum and vaccine research institute (VSVRI). Method: This study was conducted by in-vitro assessment of cytopathic effect (CPE) and infectivity titers of FMD viruses on Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells under different concentrations of Neomycin (200, 500 mg/L), kanamycin (200, 500 mg/L), gentamycin (200, 500 mg/L) and streptomycin (200, 500 mg/L) as members of aminoglycosides using the inverted microscope. Positive (aminoglycosides-free) and negative (FMD viruses-free) were used. Results: Our results show that aminoglycosides antibiotics could inhibit the cytopathic effect and reduce the infectivity titers of FMD viruses. Conclusion: Finally we recommend the avoidance of routine inclusion of aminoglycosides antibiotics in tissue culture technique or treating FMD virus suspensions.