Micronutrient deficiencies and stunting are known as a significant problem in most developing countries, including Indonesia. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between micronutrient deficiencies and stunting with socioeconomic status (SES) among Indonesian children aged 6–59 months. This cross-sectional study was part of the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS). A total of 1008 Indonesian children were included in the study. Anemia, iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, and stunting were identified in this study. Structured questionnaires were used to measure SES. Differences between micronutrient parameters and anthropometric indicators with the SES groups were tested using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc test after adjusted for age, area resident (rural and urban), and sex. The highest prevalence of anemia, stunting, and severe stunting were found to be most significant in the lowest SES group at 45.6%, 29.3%, and 54.5%, respectively. Children from the lowest SES group had significantly lower means of Hb, ferritin, retinol, and HAZ. Severely stunted children had a significantly lower mean of Hb concentration compared to stunted and normal height children. Micronutrient deficiencies, except vitamin D, and stunting, were associated with low SES among Indonesian children aged 6–59 months.
Latar Belakang. Anemia pada ibu hamil sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Anemia pada ibu hamil dapat berdampak pada kesehatan ibu hamil dan anak yang akan dilahirkan. Di negara sedang berkembang seperti di Indonesia penyebab anemia sebagian disebabkan kurang asupan zat besi, dan zat gizi mikro lainnya seperti zink dan vitamin A. Tujuan. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti profil zat gizi mikroserum ibu hamil dan melihat hubungan antara kadar Hb dengan kadar sTfR, zink, dan vitamin A pada ibu hamil. Metode. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang yang merupakan bagian dari penelitian kohort biomedis tahun 2018 dengan subjek penelitian ibu hamil berusia 16–46 tahun sebanyak 114 sampel. Variabel yang diamati adalah kadar Hb, sTfR, zink, dan vitamin A. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 18.0 dengan uji deskriptif dan uji korelasi pearson. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat ibu hamil yang tergolong pada usia berisiko, yaitu pada kelompok usia 16–19 tahun sebanyak 5,3% dan kelompok usia 41–46 tahun sebanyak 3,5%. Proporsi anemia pada ibu hamil tertinggi dijumpai pada kelompok usia 20–30 tahun yaitu 67,9% dan kelompok usia 31–40 yaitu 33,0%. Secara umum ibu hamil mengalami anemia sebanyak 35,1% dan kekurangan zink sebanyak 86,8%. Kadar sTfR, zink, dan vitamin A berhubungan dengan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil. Untuk mencegah anemia pada ibu hamil perlu perbaikan kadar besi, zink, dan vitamin A yang dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan asupan makanan sumber zat besi, zink, dan vitamin A khususnya pada ibu hamil usia 20–30 tahun.
Indonesia still faces a double burden of malnutrition where malnutrition problems still exist, and the prevalence of obesity continues to increase. The study was intended to evaluate the association between fat intake adequacy and nutritional status in children aged 6 months to 12 years with a middle to upper socioeconomic level. The study design was cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Basic Health Research in 2013 and Indonesian Food Consumption Survey in 2014. The results of the study concluded that more than 50 percent of children aged 6 months to 9 years and 38 percent of children aged 10-12 years old consumed fat more than 100 percent of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). The study revealed a signidficant association between fat intake and body mass index for age Z-score (BAZ) (p <0.05) and fat intake with height for age Z-score (HAZ) (p <0.05). Fat intake of children live in urban was higher than at rural areas (p <0.05) and fat intake of boys was slightly higher than girls. The results of this study suggest the importance of providing nutrition education started from elementary school students on balanced nutrient intake and reduce fat intake, because obesity in early age contribute to obesity in adulthood.Keywords: children aged 6 month to12 years old, fat intake, nutritional status ABSTRAK Indonesia menghadapi masalah gizi ganda yaitu masalah gizi kurang masih ada, dan persentase masalah kegemukan terus meningkat. Tujuan dari analisis ini untuk melihat kecukupan asupan lemak anak usia 6 bulan sampai 12 tahun dengan tingkat sosial ekonomi menengah keatas dan hubungannya dengan status gizi. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang, jenis data yang digunakan data sekunder dari Riskesdas 2013 dan Survey Konsumsi Makanan Indonesia (SKMI) 2014. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa lebih dari 50 persen anak usia 6 bulan-9 tahun dan 38 persen anak usia 10-12 tahun mengonsumsi lemak ≥ 100 persen AKG. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat asupan lemak dengan status gizi menurut indikator IMT/U (p<0,05) dan asupan lemak dengan status gizi TB/U (p<0,05). Asupan lemak anak yang tinggal di kota lebih tinggi dari pada di perdesaan (p<0,05) dan asupan lemak anak laki-laki lebih tinggi dari anak perempuan (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan bukti tentang pentingnya memberikan edukasi kepada siswa sekolah dasar tentang makanan gizi seimbang dan mengurangi asupan lemak, karena kegemukan pada usia dini akan terbawa hingga usia dewasa. [Penel Gizi Makan 2019, 42(1):41-47] Kata kunci: anak usia 6 bulan-12 tahun, asupan lemak, status gizi
Beef is one of the animal livestock that has nutrient content with a good bioavalibility. However, the quality may decrease along with the state of the storage and time. The objective of the study was to evaluate the pH value, and nutrient content of frozen, cold, and fresh beef distributed in Bogor area. The design of the study was cross sectional. The location of sampling was in three traditional markets and three supermarkets in 2016. The observed variables were the type of the market, beef storage state, and part of the beef, while the dependent variable were pH and proximate (moisture, ash, fat, and protein contents). The data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. The results showed that nutrient content did not differ between frozen, cold and fresh beef in both traditional markets and supermarkets, except the protein that slightly higher in cold beef than those in frozen beef (p <0.05). The moisture content of beef were between 63,39-74,66 percent; by dry weight calculation, the ash content were between 2, 91-4,19 percent; protein content were 54,42-79,18 percent; fat were 9,57-37,32 percent and pH were between 5,23 -5,64. Fresh, cold and frozen beef that came from both traditional markets and supermarkets had an equal nutrition contents, except protein. ABSTRAKDaging merupakan salah satu bahan pangan asal ternak yang mengandung zat-zat gizi dengan mutu yang sangat baik, akan tetapi kualitasnya dapat menurun seiring dengan cara dan waktu penyimpanan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi nilai pH, dan kandungan zat gizi makro daging beku, dingin, dan segar yang beredar di Bogor. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Lokasi sampling daging dilakukan di tiga pasar tradisional dan tiga pasar swalayan, pada tahun 2016. Variabel bebas terdiri dari jenis pasar, kondisi daging, bagian daging, sedangkan variabel terikat meliputi pH, proksimat (kadar air, kadar abu, lemak dan protein). Analisis data menggunakan uji T (t-test) dan analisis varians (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan gizi tidak berbeda antara daging segar, dingin, dan beku baik di pasar tradisional maupun swalayan, kecuali kadar protein. Kandungan protein pada daging dingin lebih tinggi dibandingkan daging beku (p<0,05). Daging memiliki kandungan air 63,39-74,66 persen; berdasarkan perhitungan basis kering, memiliki kadar abu antara 2,91-4,19 persen; protein antara 54,42-79,18 persen; lemak antara 9,57-37,32 persen, serta memiliki pH antara 5,23-5,64. Nilai pH dan kandungan zat gizi makro daging segar, dingin dan beku yang berasal dari pasar tradisional dan swalayan tidak berbeda nyata, kecuali protein. [Penel Gizi Makan 2018, 41(1):21-30] Kata kunci: daging beku, daging dingin, daging segar, pembekuan daging, kadar zat gizi
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