SummaryTalampicillin is a thiazolide carboxylic ester of ampicillin and is hydrolysed in the intestinal mucosa to release free ampicillin. The mean peak serum concentration of ampicillin occurred one hour after a dose of talampicillin and was about twice that attained by an equivalent dose of ampicillin. The presence of food in the stomach reduced and delayed the peak blood levels but did not affect the total amount of antibiotic absorbed or the urinary recovery. Talampicillin had less effect on the faecal flora in volunteers than ampicillin, and no overgrowth with Candida spp or Staphylococcus aureus was seen. Thirty-eight out of 47 urinary infections were eradicated by a seven-day course of talampicillin.

ABSTRACT:The production of beta-lactamases especially the expanded/extended beta-lactamases such as the metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) enzymes by Gram negative bacteria (GNB) are amongst the top arsenal of pathogenic bacteria used to make the therapeutic effect of some available drugs less efficacious. This study evaluated the phenotypic production of MBLs from 50 cloacal swabs of poultry birds in a poultry farm in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The samples were bacteriologically analyzed using eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar and MacConkey agar; and MBL production was phenotypically detected using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method (for antibiogram) and the inhibition based assay technique (for MBL production). Out of the 50 cloacal swab samples analyzed in this study, 39 isolates were Escherichia coli while 33 isolates were positive for Klebsiella species. All the E. coli and Klebsiella species showed high resistance to most of the tested antibiotics especially to imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim, cefoxitin, ertapenem and gentamicin. Nine (9) isolates of E. coli (23.1 %) were phenotypically detected as MBL producers while 6 isolates of Klebsiella species (18.2 %) were confirmed as MBL producing strains. This present day study accentuates the growing resistance mechanism in the community; and thus calls for concerted effort to detect and prevent the dissemination of antibiotic resistant microbes in the community. Further molecular characterization is required to classify the genetic elements responsible for the dissemination of MBL-producing microbes in this environment.

Drug resistant Escherichia coli persist in the intestinal flora of poultry birds, and these serve as route via which they can be transmitted directly to humans, thus contributing to the already growing crisis of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the cloacal feacal carriage and occurrence of antibiotic resistant E. coli isolates from chicken fed with and without antibiotic supplemented feeds. Cloacal feacal swabs (n = 200) were aseptically obtained from two poultry farms in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi state of Nigeria, and these were inoculated on MacConkey and cystinelactose-electrolyte-deficient (CLED) media and incubated at 37°C for 18 to 24 h. Suspected colonies of E. coli growing on the agar media were subcultured, purified and further characterized using standard microbiology techniques. Antibiogram was investigated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per the clinical laboratory standards institute (CLSI) criteria. A total of 45 E. coli was isolated from the 200 cloacal feacal swab samples used for this study. Overall, 28% of E. coli were isolated from chicken fed with feed supplemented with antibiotics while only 17% of E. coli was isolated from chicken that received feed without antibiotics supplements. All the E. coli isolates showed varying rates of resistance and susceptibility to the tested antibiotics. Our results strongly reveal the occurrence of antibiotic resistant E. coli from chicken fed with and without antibiotic supplemented feeds. It is very critical that the continuous use of antibiotics in poultry production be strictly monitored, controlled and discouraged in order to contain the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria through poultry production.

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