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In the present article, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer, sodium iodide (NaI) salt, and fumed silica nanoparticles nanofiller have been used for the preparation of solid polymer electrolyte films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been performed to study the vibrational change due to the complexation among polymer, salt, and nanofiller. X-Ray diffraction has been carried out to study the structural changes in the PVA:NaI (60:40) polymer electrolyte films with fumed silica nanoparticles as dopant. Differential scanning calorimetry studies show decreasing trend in the glass transition temperature for nanocomposite polymer electrolyte films. Thermogravimetric analysis has been performed to study the thermal degradation of the sample. Determination of transference number using Wagner's polarization technique indicates that the ions are the dominant mobile species. Maximum conductivity of approximately 3.8 Â 10 À3 S cm À1 at room temperature has been estimated for PVA:NaI (60:40) film containing 0.5% fumed silica nanoparticles with low value of activation energy. Dielectric relaxation studies with temperature show shifts of the relaxation time toward higher value for samples of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte films.

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This paper compares the effectiveness of different leakage control techniques in deep submicron (DSM) bulk CMOS technologies. Simulations show that the 3-5x increase in I OFF /µm per generation is offsetting the savings in switching energy obtained from technology scaling. We compare both the transistor I OFF reduction and I ON degradation due to each technique for the 130nm-70nm technologies. Our results indicate that the effectiveness of leakage control techniques and the associated energy vs. delay tradeoffs depend on the ratio of switching to leakage energies for a given technology. We use our findings to design a 70nm low power word line driver scheme for a 256 entry, 64-bit register file (RF). As a result, the leakage (total) energy of the word line drivers is reduced by 3x(2.5x) and for the RF by up to 35%(25%) respectively.