The 74 samples of six HYPERICUM species (H. PERFOROTUM, H. HIRSUTUM, H. MACULATUM, H. TETRAPTERUM, H. MONTANUM, AND H. HUMIFUSUM) were collected around Slovenia and analysed for the content of ten substances (rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, quercitrin, quercetin, I3,II8-biapigenin, amentoflavone, pseudohypericin, hypericin, and hyperforin). The flowers were analysed separately from the green parts of the plants (herbs). The highest content of most of the substances was found in the flowers of H. PERFOROTUM. Among the herbal samples (without flowers), H. MONTANUM and H. HIRSUTUM contained significantly higher levels of amentoflavone (average 3-fold and 2.5-fold higher, respectively), than the herbs of H. PERFOROTUM. In the herbal part of H. PERFOROTUM the contents of all constituents strongly correlate with the contents of the same compound in flowers, except for the content of amentoflavone, which is independent in these two parts. Rutin and hyperoside are in positive correlation, and quercitrin is in negative correlation with the altitude of the growing site.

Suspension cultures were established from the shoots of sterile germinated seeds of various provenances of seven Hypericum (H.) species in a half strength modified Murashige and Skoog liquid medium. In most strains of H. perforatum (18 provenances) and all strains of H. maculatum (6 provenances) as well as in the cultures of H. tomentosum, H. bithynicum, H. glandulosum and H. balearicum, hypericin and pseudohypericin could be proven, however, in extremely varying amounts. In general, the pseudohypericin content was significantly higher than that of hypericin. The flavonoid patterns, comprising monomeric quercetin derivatives and dimeric apigenin derivatives, varied among strains over a wide range.

(2011) Comparison of a specific HPLC determination of toxic aconite alkaloids in processed Radix aconiti with a titration method of total alkaloids,

Callus and suspension cultures were established from shoot tips of CRATAEGUS MONOGYNA L. in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and a modified MS medium. The flavonoid glycosides vitexin, vitexin 2- O-rhamnoside, rutin, and hyperoside, as well as the aglycones apigenin, luteolin, and quercetin, could be detected by TLC and HPLC in, however, varying amounts. Additionally, the contents of procyanidins were determined. The ratio between the contents of flavonoids and procyanidins is discussed.

Context: Astragali Radix (Huangqi; Astragalus mongholicus BUNGE, Fabaceae) is used in herbal medicinal products as well as in many food supplements. In traditional Chinese medicine, the roots are used for its Qi tonifying, immunostimulant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic effects. Objective: Astragaloside IV (AGS-IV), a cycloartane-type triterpene glycoside is used as a marker compound for the quality control of Astragali Radix in various pharmacopoeias. Materials and methods: In this study, we analyzed the content of AGS-IV and other astragalosides in various commercial samples of Huangqi by reversed-phase HPLC using evaporative light scattering detection. Results: The analyses revealed that AGS-IV is formed during sample preparation from acylated astragalosides like astragaloside I and astragaloside II, when using the assay method of the European Pharmacopoeia. Discussion and conclusion: For consistent assay results, the extraction methods of the pharmacopoeias should be re-evaluated and optimized. Alternatively, the hydrolysis by ammonia could be omitted and the genuine compounds like astragaloside I, II and malonyl-AGS-I could be considered for the quality control of Astragali Radix.