As in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region, public service broadcasting (PSB) in Morocco suffers from the existence of authoritarian forms of governance that hinders PSB performance. Technology is also a factor. TV and radio stations still rely on analog terrestrial and digital satellite broadcasting and their online presence are extensions of their analog versions, rather than new digital multiplatform distribution systems. In Morocco, the wave of political liberalization and democratization that marked the second half of the 1990s resulted in major media reforms especially in the broadcasting sector. The High Authority for Audiovisual Communication was created in 2002 as an independent public institution to establish the legal framework for the liberalization of the audiovisual sector and to oversee the PSB sector in the country. The paper analyzes the legal environment to assess the extent to which PSB is safeguarded from political influence. The study found that the overall non-democratic cultures within Morocco and the countries of the MENA region are the main determinants of performance. In some MENA countries, the legal framework and the institutional structure were created to provide the conditions for public service to materialize. PSB performance in this region remains weak, however. The study argues that unless there is political will at the highest level, a public service system will be nothing more than a pseudo 'public' system bouncing back and forth between milder and stronger forms of authoritarianism.

Guided by Agenda Cutting theory, this study examines the pattern of media coverage on issues portrayed in Tamil newspapers and Facebook during Malaysian General Election 13. A total of 1309 news articles from Tamil Nesan and Malaysia Nanban and 111 postings on MIC's Facebook were identified and examined during the election campaign period from April 20-May 6, 2013, specifically just before and soon after the election. A total of 127 Facebook accounts of MIC's candidates for state and parliamentary constituencies were examined during the same period. Findings show that out of the 17 examined issues eight issues (i.e., crime, social, environment, national unity, nationalism, health issues, international relations and immigrants) were not reported by these Indian dailies. A similar result can also be found on MIC's parliamentary and state seat candidates' Facebook. Findings from this study draw a conclusion that without a flawed agenda cutting strategy, the MIC could have garnered valuable electoral votes during its GE13 campaign.

The scope of discussion in this study includes the aspect of human resource management and administration that focuses on the effectiveness of team building in producing employees who are skilled, innovative, creative, competitive and alert to the needs of the organization. In this context, we evaluate and analyze the effectiveness of the function of human resource team building by looking at three key factors: Task Oriented Roles Factor, Relationship Oriented Roles Factor and Self Oriented Roles Factor. In this descriptive study, about 150 ancillary staffs at the National University of Malaysia have been randomly identified as the respondents. This study attempts to analyse the extent in which the effective function of team building may be factored upon the sheer spirit, job motivation and high-level skill of these employees which may indirectly reflect the status and strength of the aspect of human resource management. The data of this study are analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program (version 17.0 for Windows). It is hoped that the publication of this study will contribute ideas and opinions towards improving and consolidating the function of human resource development that is in line with the mission and vision of the university as well as the government in general, in creating skilled and effective civil servants.

Over the past few years, there has seen some renewed serious interest in comics in terms of the humour and narrative aspect. However not much can be said of comics as a representation of the cultural mores of the community. This study looks at how a local comic writer frames his subjective viewpoints, and how he stages them graphically and visually in his comics. Using Rodriguez and Dimitrova's (2011) four-tiered model, this paper sets out to analyse how Lat frames culture in his comics in 5 selected comic strips culled from online sources. The findings indicated that Lat has a tendency to frame his cartoons in terms of a Malaysianised landscape. Of interest is the way in which he portrays the Malaysian as a melting pot of multi-cultural community through a sharp and yet seemingly tongue-in-cheek portrayal of their values and behaviours.

Penyelidikan ini mengkaji fungsi dan peranan papan iklan luar dalam mempengaruhi pemilihan sosial pengguna yang menggunakan Lebuhraya Elite Expresway E608. Fokus kajian adalah terhadap elemen rekabentuk visual seperti tipografi, warna, susun letak rekaan dan ilustrasi, perletakkan, material papan iklan luar di kawasan kajian serta tafsiran paparan mesej dan bahasa berdasarkan rekaan pada papan iklan luar. Kerangka konsep bagi kajian ini memperjelaskan bagaimana pemilihan sosial itu mampu menjadikan sesuatu produk itu boleh diterima masyarakat dan ianya berasaskan Kod dan Prinsip Am Amalan Pengiklanan Malaysia. Metadologi kajian yang akan digunakan adalah kaedah gabungan concurrent nested (Creswell, Plano Clark, Gutmann & Hanson, 2003) di mana sampel bergambar akan digunakan sebagai metod utama manakala hasil dari kaedah temuramah wakil dari pihak PLUS dan orang ramai adalah sebagai sokongan. Analisis bergambar terhadap rekaan reka letak papan iklan luar di lebuhraya Elite Expressway E608 masih mengikut tatacara dan kod pengiklanan Malaysia. Peranan pihak PLUS sepenuhnya dalam peletakkan papan iklan luar di lebuhraya Elite Expressway E608 mengikut kesesuaian keboleh pasaran produk tersebut di laluan berkenaan. Hasil temuramah kumpulan berfokus menunjukkan informan bersetuju bahawa papan iklan luar adalah medium pengiklanan yang berkesan di lebuhraya sekaligus dapat mempengaruhi pemilihan sosial pengguna. Berdasarkan kajian pada analisis visual dan hasil temuramah menunjukkan bahawa papan iklan luar adalah medium pengiklanan yang berkesan dalam mempengaruhi pemilihan sosial masyarakat di lebuhraya. Kata kunci: Papan iklan, pengiklanan, pemilihan sosial, ruang sosial, visual.