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Genetic studies indicate to the importance of individual genetic diversity on predictor of mortality. Furthermore, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms can be used to identify disease-causing genes in humans and they can be either neutral or deleterious. Human Tumor necrosis factor-α is a well-known inflammation factor that is closely associated with sepsis and severe sepsis. Our objective was to evaluate the association of TNF-α -308 G/A promoter polymorphism with dependency to severity of pneumonia. Respiratory diseases, especially pneumonia, is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia and the leading causes of pediatric hospitalization. We collected blood samples from 101 pediatric patients of the age group between "new born" and "school aged", who were treated and diagnosed with pneumonia in February 2019 and 2020, the pneumonia season in the country. Genomic DNA was extracted and performed by PCR-RFLP method to detect the presence of SNPs. The studies showed that the TNF-α -308 G/A polymorphism among pediatric patients, genotype G;G was 73.27%, genotype A;G was 22.77%, and genotype A;A was 3.96%. Our study demonstrated disassociation of TNF-α -308 G/A polymorphism with pneumonia severity in population.

A «Biotope» is defined as a living place which can be distinguished from the physical environment around it by features like land shape, structure and even living communities within it, so it has a certain size and homogenous characteristic [1]. The objective of this study is to improve and amend the environmental damage and compensation assessment method for landscape projects in Mongolia by evaluating its shortfalls and necessary improvements using the biotope valuation method (BVM) as a benchmark, currently widely accepted and proven to be effective in Hessen, Germany, Sweden, Namibia, Australia and the Czech Republic. The biotope method has in common with most practically useful assessment methods, for example, the rapid biodiversity assessment approaches. Rapid rural appraisal (RRA), and its successor PRA (participatory RA), are other examples of a similar kind, from a different but equally difficult area of comprehensive impact assessment work [2]. The current method in use by Mongolia, which was adopted in 2010, though well-grounded in theory and detailed, in practice, it involves a very detailed and complex process which has been proven to be vulnerable to a high degree of subjectivity and thus resulting in different assessment values depending on who is conducting the calculations, parameter variables being used, any assumptions made in the absence of data that is not always available, and the time consuming procedures the assessment. Since it proved difficult to create a fully satisfying and innovative method with noticeably improved levels of accuracy, it was deemed more suitable to redevelop and amend the current method to lower complexity and subjectivity levels to improve its objectiveness and accuracy, which will result in more uniform and reliable assessment results. A well-developed compensation method in Mongolia could mean a notable improvement in local capacity for environmental economics in the valuation of environmental degradation and a new point of reference for environmental priority setting. Compensation of damages to the environment will be an important contribution of Mongolia toward the aims of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) and the National Biodiversity Action Plan approved in 2016.

ХУРААНГУЙТҮЛХҮҮР ҮГС: Тэс адуу, Д-гогцоо, хяналтын хэсэг, адууны гаплотип ОРШИЛ Монгол адуу нь нүүдлийн мал аж ахуйн нөхцөлд уналга эдэлгээнд ашиглахад тохирсон, монгол орны эрс тэс уур амьсгалд сайн зохицсон, ихээхэн тэсвэр хатуужилтай, харьцангуй жижгэвтэр биетэй байдаг. Өнөөдрийн байдлаар генетикийн олон янз байдал болон гарал үүслийн судалгаа нь дутмаг байгаа билээ. Адууны митохондрийн ДНХ-ийн (мтДНХ) хэсэг нь ойролцоогоор 16600 хос нуклеотид хэмжээтэй 37 генийг агуулсан ба Д-гогцоо хэмээн нэрлэгдэх үл кодлох хэсэг нь 1192 хос нуклеотидоос тогтоно [1, 2,3]. Д-гогцоо нь 2 хэт хувьсамтгай хэсэг (HV1 , HV2 хэсэг), 4 хадгалагдсан дарааллын блок (conserved sequence block) болон TGTGCACC гэсэн 8 хос нуклеотид хэмжээтэй тандем дарааллыг агуулна [4]. Ishida болон бусад судлаачид Адууны (Equus) төрлийн амьтдын филогенетикийн холбоо хамаарлыг судлах зорилгоор адууны мтДНХ-ийн бүтэн дарааллыг олшруулан хэт хувьсамтгай хэсгийг тогтоожээ. Тэд зөөврийн РНХ-ийн хоёр талд байрлах пролин нийлэгжүүлэгч хэсэг болон хадгалагдсан дарааллын блокын төв (central conserved sequence block) хэсгийн хооронд орших хэт хувьсамтгай нэгдүгээр хэсэг нь нийт митохондрийн ДНХ-ийн хувьд хамгийн их мутацийг агуулсан хэсэг болохыг тогтоосон [5]. Бид энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Тэс омгийн адууны генетик олон янз байдлыг тодорхойлох зорилгоор мтДНХ-ийн Д-гогцооны хэсгийн хэт хувьсамтгай 1-р хэсгийн дарааллыг олшруулан гаплотипийг тодорхойлж уг үр дүнд үндэслэн гаплогруппийг илрүүлэв.