This study provides a comprehensive list of Turkey aphid fauna (Hemiptera: Aphididea). A total of 466 species and 12 subspecies belonging to 141 genera and 13 tribes, are listed. The list includes all records from 1903 to 2011. The family of Aphididae comprise the highest number of species (457), followed by Adelgidae (6) and Phylloxeridae (3), respectively. Inside Aphididae, the tribe of Macrosiphini is the richest group with 197 species, whereas the tribe of Cinarini has only one species. The number of aphid species actually reported for Turkey is lower than recorded for neighboring countries, suggesting that further faunistic studies needs to improve informations on this topic
Acoustic and morphological characters are very important to distinguish species of Cicadidae. In this study, the morphological and acoustic characters of Cicadatra platyptera Fieber, 1876 (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) collected from Turkey were analysed. The external morphological structures of two species were drawn and photographs of some specimens were taken. We evaluated taxonomically important morphological characters such as body shape, colors, patterns, structure, and genital structure. We evaluated measurements of external morphological structures and acoustics characters of Cicadatra platyptera from Turkey, partly with statistical analyses. Morphological characters were compared and differentiated from the closely related species, Cicadatra atra. The distribution in Turkey including previous records and the material examined were shown on a map, and the distribution in Palearctic Region was given.
As a result of the study carried out between 2007 and 2009 in the eastern part of the Black Sea Region of Turkey, 4 genera and 17 species were determined as new records for the Turkish aphid fauna. New recorded species are Aphis arbuti, Aphis cytisorum, Aphis kachkoulii, Cavariella digitata, Chaitophorus kapuri, Chaitophorus longisetosus, Cinara pinivora, Illinoia lambersi, Myzus beybienkoi, Neobetulaphis pusilla, Phyllaphis fagifoliae, Pseudessigella brachychaeta, Schizaphis rotundiventris, Symdobious oblongus, Thecabius lysimachiae, Thelaxes californica and Tinocallis takachihoensis. With these new records, the number of genera increased to 134 and the number of the species in the Turkish aphid fauna amounted to about 480. Since Turkey has a huge range of agricultural crops and a great diversity in its natural flora, research conducted on the Turkish aphid fauna has current and future indications for plant protection.
Approximately 4400 species of aphids have been identified worldwide. About 250 species are serious pests and cause important losses of yield (Remaudiére and Remaudiére, 1997;Blackman and Eastop, 2006). In the United States, crop losses caused by pests annually have been about 30%, despite the best available pest control technologies. However, in developing countries, including Turkey, pest-caused losses are much more than 50% (Ruberson, 1999). Turkey is one of the largest countries in Europe, has its richest flora, and agriculture plays an important role in the country's economy. Despite this, there is still limited knowledge of Turkey's aphid species and their economic importance. However, there has been a 421
Aphids are one of the economically and ecologically most important groups of insects due to their unique reproduction, ecological plasticity and life cycles. Aphid causes directly and indirectly crop loses in plant species by sucking plant phloem and transmitting about 60% of plant viruses. Aphid management applications lead to important economic cost each year that increases importance of early detection and accurate determination of aphid species. Turkey located at the junction of the important continents and passageway of the species. Richness of flora, having large agricultural landscape-diversity, consisting various types of climates, being a geographically diverse large country let Turkey to be attractive for aphid species. Turkey consists of about 12.000 plant species and about 31 % are endemic. Despite these particular features, only about 2% of Turkey aphid fauna, which consist around 570 species, originally recorded from Turkey. Studies about Turkey aphid fauna dated back to beginning of the 1990's and during last two decades more studies have been conducted. It has been clearly shown that any detailed study carried out by aphid specialist team added non-ignorable number of aphid species to Turkey aphid fauna, recently completed each 3 detailed projects contributed about 10% new records. There are still large unexplored areas waiting for to be studied and also no sufficient database about how much aphid caused agricultural crop loose in Turkey. Recent prediction made by various research group clearly pointed out that current composition does not reflect the real situation of Turkey aphid fauna. Furthermore, recent climatic changes are going to influence both composition and agricultural damage level of the aphid species. There should be more research institutes and coordination between them to find out present composition and clearly emphasize agricultural importance of aphid species in Turkey.
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