No abstract

Alkaloids are a category of molecules in nature around the globe with a relatively large occurrence. These are chemicals and biomolecules that are very complex. Alkaloids are compounds of a very diverse class of secondary plant metabolites; alkaloids, such as anticholinergic, antitumor, diuretic, antiviral, antihypertensive, antiulcer, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory, have been linked to extensive list of biological activities. The basic character of alkaloids allows salts to be formed with mineral acids or organic acids, alkaloid salts are usually soluble in water and dilute alcohols, and are not soluble in organic solvents except in rare cases. This research is carried out mainly in the context and classification of alkaloids and alkaloids pharmacological practices.

This review focuses on the study of herbal drugs used in Diabetes mellitus treatment. Diabetes mellitus becomes a common metabolic disorder that poses a serious threat to the world's public health. Approximately 60 percent of the world's population use traditional medicines derived from medicinal plants. Due to lower side effects and low cost, herbal formulations are favoured. Synonymous with herbal medicine, phyto medicine or botanical medicine, plants are used for medicinal purposes. Herbal selection may depend on a number of factors, including the stage of diabetes progression, the types of co morbidities that patients have availability, affordability, and herbal safety profile. A list is compiled of medicinal plants with proven antidiabetic and related beneficial effects and herbal medicines used in diabetes treatment.

Many classical biochemical methods are available to study the primary metabolic pathway such as krebs cycle, glycolysis and HMP shunt pathway in living organisms. Number of advanced techniques has been developed to perform the bio synthetic study. The present review deals with the tracer technique and its applications in synthesis of secondary metabolites in pharmacognosy. This technique involves the stable (1H2,6C13,7N15,8O18) and unstable (1H1,6C14) radioactive isotopes. These isotopes are in corporate into presumed plant precursors with which they form a chemical bond and can be easily detected by various methods like liquid scintillation, giger muller and auto radiography techniques. These isotopes are regarded as radioactive markers in biosynthetic studies.