Avaliou-se a resposta de diferentes protocolos fisioterapêuticos em cães após a indução de atrofia muscular por meio da imobilização do joelho por 30 dias. Os grupos foram denominados grupo C ou controle, grupo E (massagem, movimentação passiva e eletroterapia), grupo H (massagem, movimentação passiva e hidroterapia em esteira aquática) e grupo EH (massagem, movimentação passiva, eletroterapia e hidroterapia em esteira aquática). Foram mensurados os graus de claudicação, arco do movimento, circunferência da coxa e a variação sérica das enzimas creatina-quinase e lactato-desidrogenase. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, foi possível concluir que as modalidades terapêuticas de massagem, movimentação passiva da articulação, estimulação elétrica neuromuscular e hidroterapia por caminhada em esteira aquática aceleram a recuperação clínica em cães com atrofia muscular induzida.

RESUMO.O Dioctophyma renale é um helminto que parasita os rins dos cães e cuja a infecção é adquirida pela ingestão de larvas que podem estar presentes em peixes, rãs ou anelídeos aquáticos. O rim direito e a cavidade abdominal são os locais onde o parasita é mais encontrado. Os sinais clínicos em geral são hematúria, inapetência e dores lombares, porém, os animais podem ser assintomáticos quando apenas um rim é parasitado. O diagnóstico é realizado através da ultrassonografia, urinálise e urografia excretora e o tratamento consiste na nefrectomia para casos em estágio avançado ou nefrotomia para retirada do parasita em casos com diagnóstico precoce. O presente trabalho descreve o caso de uma cadela, sem raça definida, com 2 anos de idade, proveniente de fazenda, atendida no Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba e diagnosticada com o Dioctophyma renale por meio de ultrassonografia e urinálise. O tratamento foi realizado por nefrectomia unilateral com excelente recuperação pós-operatória.

Laryngeal and tracheal tumors are rare in pets

Background: Platynosomum spp. it is a trematode that has a predilection for the liver and biliary tissues whose infection is acquired through the ingestion of metacercarian gecko viscera. Felines are the definitive hosts and clinical signs are variable. The diagnosis is through history, hematological and biochemical exams, ultrasound, bile cytology or histopathology. The treatment of choice is cholecystoduodenostomy. This paper aims to report the case of a cat who was treated at the Uberaba Veterinary Hospital with chronic cholangitis secondary to platinosomosis, but there was a transfusion reaction and she died.Case: A 4-year-old, uncastrated SRD cat was treated at the Uberaba Veterinary Hospital complaining of severe episodes of vomiting three days ago, hyporexia and darkened urine. The general clinical examination showed moderate dehydration, jaundice and hepatomegaly. The animal was hospitalized for better investigation of its condition. Increased values of ALT, alkaline phosphatase and all bilirubins were observed. Ultrasound showed liver suggestive of liver disease and steatosis, and gallbladder without alteration. During hospitalization, she remained jaundiced and hypoxic, and the esophageal tube was placed. The initial clinical suspicion was cholangiohepatitis. Liver biopsy and cholecystoduodenostomy were then suggested, with refusal by the tutor. The ultrasound was repeated and showed the same alterations described, besides cholangitis. Stool examination was negative for Platynosomum spp. and positive for Isospora spp. The patient was treated with anthelmintic for three days and received supportive treatment for another week until the tutor authorized cholecystoduodenostomy. During surgery, cholecystocentesis was performed and the parasite Platynosomum spp. in adult form. After four days, a new blood count was done and the animal was still anemic and the blood transfusion was chosen. The patient died within moments of the transfusion procedure.Discussion: Platynosomum spp. it is a trematode whose ultimate host is the domestic felines and inhabits liver, gallbladder and bile ducts causing biliary obstruction and even fibrosis. In the present report, the tutor reports that the cat had several episodes of vomiting and reduced appetite. Feline jaundice is normal in cases where cholestasis causes a two to three-fold increase in bilirubinemia from normal values. The increase was verified in the analyzed feline. Physical examination revealed jaundice and abdominal palpation suggestive of hepatomegaly. Ultrasound suggested cholangiohepatitis. Without improvement, liver biopsy and cholecystoduodenostomy were suggested, with tutor refusal. After repeated ultrasound, the images suggested cholangitis and the stool examination was negative for Platynosomum spp. The definitive diagnosis for this disease is through liver biopsy, visualization of the operated eggs or the adult form of the parasite in feces or bile as suggested in this case. However, in cases where there is total obstruction of the bile ducts, the eggs are not eliminated in the digestive system and the examination may be false negative as in this case. After the exams, the cat was submitted to cholecystoduodenostomy surgery where gallbladder puncture was performed for microscopic evaluation, and the parasite Platynosomum spp. in adult form. Most cats have blood type A, but even when the donor has the same blood type, cross-reaction may occur, so compatibility testing should be performed prior to any transfusion, thus reducing the risk of transfusion reactions. The patient died within moments of the transfusion procedure.

Background: Hernias are changes with the displacement of organs from their normal anatomical location to a newly formed cavity, which can cause pain and dysfunction of the affected organ. The diagnosis can be obtained by palpation or by ultrasound. The treatment of choice is surgical and vision to promote the return of the organ to its normal anatomical position and the closure of the hernial ring. When affixing the edges of the hernial ring is not possible, alternative techniques such as the use of biological or synthetic membranes should be sought. The aim of the present study is to report an atypical case of inguinal hernia with splenic incarceration, in which splenectomy and herniorrhaphy with a bovine phrenic center were performed.  Case: An 8-year-old large mestizo male dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba complaining of the appearance of a mass in the inguinal region that increased significantly in the last 15 days. On physical examination, there was an increase in volume in the left inguinal region, irreducible and great pain sensitivity in the region. The hemogram showed normochromic normocytic anemia, hyperproteinemia and thrombocytopenia. No changes were observed in the biochemical analyzes. Urinalysis revealed the presence of protein and traces of occult blood. Ultrasound showed an enlarged spleen inside the hernial sac, closing the diagnosis of inguinal hernia. The animal underwent a herniorrhaphy procedure associated with the use of a biological membrane from a bovine phrenic center and splenectomy. In addition, contralateral inguinal hernia was observed. The animal remained hospitalized and under observation for three days. On return, after five days, the guardian reported that the animal was urinating by dripping and had increased volume in the region of the surgery. Urethral catheterization was performed without difficulty and the region of swelling was punctured, obtaining a serosanguinous liquid. Ten days after surgery, stitches were removed and contralateral herniorrhaphy and orchiectomy were recommended. The animal showed complete healing of the surgical wound, but did not return for treatment of the contralateral inguinal hernia.Discussion: Inguinal hernia is considered rare in male dogs, especially in non-neutered animals, and few cases have been described, most of which are over the age of four years. In the present report, the dog is male, not neutered and is eight years old, in line with the findings of the highest occurrence in this species. Inguinal hernia can be hereditary, congenital or acquired from trauma or hormonal changes, and its etiology is poorly understood. The dog in this report acquired this condition in adulthood, and it was not possible to define the cause of the hernia, however it is believed that there is a possibility of muscle weakness associated with the patient's weight. Inguinal hernia in non-neutered dogs usually progresses to inguino-scrotal hernia, and cases in the Brazilian queue breed have been described. In this work, the herniated content was irreducible contrary to what is generally reported. In inguinal hernia, the most observed content is the intestinal loops, but the bladder and colon have already been seen. In the animal in this report, the spleen appeared as herniated content. The diagnosis can be made by palpation when the hernia is reducible, but it does not allow the definition of the hernia content. In cases of incarcerated hernias, it is necessary to perform an ultrasound which also allows the definition of the hernia content. The recommended treatment is surgical by herniorrhaphy, as was done in this patient. During surgery, muscle atrophy was observed in the inguinal region, but the tutor did not authorize the placement of polypropylene mesh for financial reasons. The alternative used and authorized by the tutor was the use of a biological membrane that achieved a satisfactory result, with few complications in the postoperative period.