Although it is well known that physical training ameliorates brain oxidative function
after injuries by enhancing the levels of neurotrophic factors and oxidative status,
there is little evidence addressing the influence of exercise training itself on
brain oxidative damage and data is conflicting. This study investigated the effect of
well-established swimming training protocol on lipid peroxidation and components of
antioxidant system in the rat brain. Male Wistar rats were randomized into trained (5
days/week, 8 weeks, 30 min; n=8) and non-trained (n=7) groups. Forty-eight hours
after the last session of exercise, animals were euthanized and the brain was
collected for oxidative stress analysis. Swimming training decreased thiobarbituric
acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels (P<0.05) and increased the activity of the
antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.05) with no effect on brain
non-enzymatic total antioxidant capacity, estimated by FRAP (ferric-reducing
antioxidant power) assay (P>0.05). Moreover, the swimming training promoted
metabolic adaptations, such as increased maximal workload capacity (P<0.05) and
maintenance of body weight. In this context, the reduced TBARS content and increased
SOD antioxidant activity induced by 8 weeks of swimming training are key factors in
promoting brain resistance. In conclusion, swimming training attenuated oxidative
damage and increased enzymatic antioxidant but not non-enzymatic status in the rat
brain.
The low to very-low quality of evidence suggests caution in recommending the use of this approach. New studies could change the findings of this review. PROSPERO registration: CRD42017060704.
Este estudo avaliou a participação de Neospora caninum em casos de abortos em bovinos provenientes de propriedades rurais da região sul de Minas Gerais por meio de análises histopatológicas, imuno-histoquímicas (IHQ) e pela reação em Cadeia de Polimerase (PCR). O material utilizado foi obtido de um estudo retrospectivo de casos de aborto recebidos pelo Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Lavras e de fetos necropsiados durante os anos de 2011 a 2013. De 60 fetos estudados, 30 (50%) tinham lesões microscópicas. Destes, 19 (63%) apresentaram lesões compatíveis com aborto por N. caninum, caracterizadas principalmente por encefalite não supurativa multifocal, necrose e gliose multifocal, assim como, miocardite e miosite não supurativa. Em 14 fetos chegou-se ao diagnóstico definitivo. Destes, cinco tiveram sua confirmação somente pela marcação IHQ e cinco foram positivos somente na PCR. Quatro fetos foram positivos tanto na IHQ quanto na PCR. Cinco fetos, provenientes do estudo retrospectivo apresentaram lesões compatíveis com N. caninum, mas a presença do protozoário não foi confirmada pela marcação IHQ. Os achados demonstram que o N. caninum é um importante agente associado ao aborto em bovinos na região sul de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, além das lesões microscópicas a associação entre a IHQ e a técnica de PCR foi essencial para a confirmação do diagnóstico.
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