Purpose. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) in a well-represented general population. Methods. For a retrospective cohort study, abdominal radiographs of adult subjects were queried with clear visibility of the vertebral body articulation of the last rib, all lumbar transverse processes, and complete sacral wings. Exclusion criteria included any radiologic evidence of previous lumbosacral surgery that would block our view. A total of 6200 abdominal films were reviewed, and 3607 were identified as being suitable for the measurement of the desired parameters. Results. A total of 3607 subjects were identified as eligible for the study, and 683 (18.9%) were classified as positive for a lumbosacral transitional vertebra. The prevalence of sacralization and lumbarization was found as 17.2% and 1.7%, respectively. The average age at the time of the study was 39.5 ± 15.2 years (18–86 years). Conclusions. As a result of different opinions, LSTV retains its controversial status. Our prevalence study of the general population will provide assistance for resolution of the controversy. Prevalence studies of the general population with a wide participation will shed light on comparative studies.
Okul öncesi eğitimde birçok eğitim yöntemi uygulanmaktadır. Bu eğitim yöntemlerinden biri de Montessori eğitimidir. Montessori eğitimi, çocuk merkezli olması, kullanılan materyallerinin özellikleri ve eğitim anlayışı ile çocuğun gelişimini desteklemektedir. Maria Montessori tarafından geliştirilen bu eğitim yaklaşımında çocuklar gerçek materyallerle birebir çalışmakta ve bu materyaller çocukların gelişim alanlarını desteklemektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada Montessori eğitimi ve Montessori eğitiminin gelişim alanlarına etkisi incelenmiştir.
Discoid lateral meniscus Popping knee a b s t r a c tPurpose: This study aims to determine the symptoms of the patients with discoid lateral meniscus. Methods:We prospectively collected cases of the knees with discoid lateral meniscus.Twenty patients (7 female, 13 male) admitted between January 2012 and February 2014 were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the patients was 34 years (range 28e40). Results:The identified symptoms of a discoid lateral meniscus were "pain, stiffness, popping of the knee, feeling that the knee is "giving way", inability to fully extend (straighten) the knee". Thirteen patients (65%) had pain, 11 (55%) had popping of the knee, 4 (20%) had stiffness, 2 (10%) had "giving way" feeling, and 1 (5%) had inability to fully extend the knee. These symptoms did not prevent any patient's daily activities. No patients required surgical treatment.Conclusions: Pain and popping of the knee were the most common symptoms in patients with a discoid lateral meniscus. The other symptoms were stiffness, feeling that the knee is "giving way", and inability to fully extend the knee, respectively. No symptoms had been required surgical treatment.Copyright © 2014, Professor P K Surendran Memorial Education Foundation. Publishing Services by Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. IntroductionA discoid meniscus is an abnormally shaped meniscus in the knee. 1 It occurs on the lateral side (outside) of the knee in about 1%e3% of the population, and even less commonly on the medial side of the knee. In about 20% of cases, discoid meniscus is found in both knees. 2 Discoid lateral meniscus (DLM), a common anatomical anomaly of the lateral meniscus, was first described in cadavers by Young in 1889.3 Different symptoms have been expressed for patients with DLM until today. 4e8 We would like to determine and clarify the symptoms of the patients with DLM by this study. j o u r n a l o f o r t h o p a e d i c s 1 1 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 8 0 e1 8 2http://dx
Bu makale beyaz olmayan kadınların deneyimlerini göz ardı eden ana akım üreme hakları hareketine alternatif olarak ortaya çıkmış olan üreme adaleti (reproductive justice) kavramını ele alarak bu kavramın Türkiye bağlamında üreme ve doğurganlık politikalarını incelemek için bize ne sunduğunu tartışmaya davet ediyor. Bu amaçla ayrıcalıklı grupların çıkarlarını önceleyen “tercih” söyleminden daha kapsayıcı olan toplumsal adalet çerçevesine geçişle temsil edilen üreme adaleti kavramı üç ana başlık altında inceleniyor: çocuk sahibi olmama hakkı, çocuk sahibi olma hakkı, çocukları güvenli ve sağlıklı yetiştirme hakkı. Toplumsal adalet kapsamında üç ana başlık tarafından altı çizilen tema ise var olan hakların bütün bireylere erişilebilir ve uygulanabilir olması gerekliliğidir. Türkiye'de yakın dönemde gerçekleşen politik söylemler ve pratikler üzerinden ele alınan bu başlıkların her biri üreme siyasetine dair tartışmaların odağını kürtaj ve doğum kontrolünün ötesine taşımayı amaçlıyor. Makale üreme adaleti çerçevesinin hem değinmekte sınırlı kaldığı alanlara hem de potansiyellerine işaret ediyor.
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