No abstract

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a cumulation of plaque in the heart arteries that can cause heart attacks. CHD is one of the main and rst causes of death in developed and developing countries, including Indonesia. It is estimated that throughout the world, CHD in 2020 became the rst most frequent killer of 36% of all deaths, twice as high as cancer deaths. Currently Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) is a prognostic marker of death and reinfarction in patients with patients Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and there is a relationship of GGT with the prognosis of CAD patients undergoing angiography. Methods: The study was conducted by cross sectional method. The study subjects were 60 male and female CHD patients who were treated and treated at the hospital in the Department of Cardiology FK-USU / H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan, which was enforced by history, physical examination, angiography and laboratory and underwent coronary angiography. GGT examination uses Architect c8000. Results: A total of 60 CHD patients in this study found that GGT values were greater in the ≥70% group compared with occlusions <70% with p = 0.003. Conclusions: This study showed a signicant difference in the values of GGT with occlusion ≥70% and <70% occlusion.

One of the macroangiopathic complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is Coronary Arterial Disease (CAD). Several studies showed that the liver was one of the organs involved in the pathological development of diabetes.The aim of this study was to find the differences of liver function in type 2 DM patients with CAD and without CAD. This was an analytical observational study with cross-sectional design. Forty-four type 2 DM patients with and without CAD at the Adam Malik Hospital Medan who came during June - August 2016 were studied for liver function (total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, AST and ALT). In this study, the average values of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin level in patients with CAD were found to be lower than without CAD. Statistically a significant difference revealed a total bilirubin (p < 0.001) and direct bilirubin (p = 0.001) in type 2 DM patients with and without CAD. There was a significant difference in liver function tests in DM type 2 patients with, and without coronary arterial disease, these data suggested that total billirubin and direct billirubin levels in type 2 DM patients with CAD were found lower than those without CAD.

Diabetes has been associated with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The atherosclerosis, underlying the pathogenesis of CAD, has been activated since the early stages of hyperglycemia and accelerated with uncontrolled blood sugar level fluctuations. Therefore, sensitive glycemic markers are required to be used as a screening instrument such as a traditional glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) glycated hemoglobin marker and non-traditional Glycated Albumin (GA). This study was a cross-sectional conducted on May - July 2017 at the Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Subjects were patients with HbA1c> 7%, Hb> 10 g/dL and albumin> 3 g/dL, divided into DM+CAD and non-CAD DM groups. Sixty patients participated in this study consisting of 36 males (60%) and 24 females (40%), with a mean age of 56 years. There was a significant difference between HbA1c and GA between the non-CAD DM group and DM + CAD (p=0.001; 0.022.) Patient characteristics did not affect CAD complications in DM patients; a significant difference indicated that poor glycemic control increased the complication of CAD in patients with DM type 2. Glycated albumin examination is recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes with CAD.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a complex interaction between the direct toxic effects of infecting microor ganisms and the disruption of the host's normal inammatory response to infection. One organ that is often disrupted is the kidney . Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) is an AKI biomarker that can be used as an early biomarker for AKI prediction, monitoring clinical trials in AKI and for the prognosis of AKI. METHOD: This research is an observational study. 30 subjects with sepsis were examined for PCT, BUN, urea, creatinine and urine NGAL tests. RESULTS: Statistical analysis using the Spearman Rank Test shows that NGAL level 1 has a signicant relationship with PCT day 1, with a value (r = 0.912) and a value of p <0.05. NGAL level day 1 did not have a signicant relationship with levels of urea, creatinine, BUN with values (r = 0.113), (r = 0.329), (r = 0.352) and values (p> 0.05). NGAL day 3 had a signicant relationship with PCT day 1, with a value (r = 0.0771) and a p value <0.001. Measurement of NGAL day 3 had a signicant relationship with urea, creatinine, BUN, and values (r = 0.427), (r = 0.550), (r = 0.411) with a p value <0.05. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: From the results of the study, it was concluded that there was a difference between urine NGAL levels in septic patients on day 1 (197.26 ± 118.54) and day 3 (288.31 ± 136.96). There was a signicant correlation between urinary NGAL levels with urea levels (p = 0.024 & r = 0.427) and creatinine (p = 0.002 & r = 0.550) on day 3, so urine NGAL was a predictor of AKI events in sepsis patients on day 1 -3..