Background: A combination of antibiotics, including metronidazole (MET), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and minocycline (MINO), has been demonstrated to disinfect bacteria in necrotic teeth before regenerative processes. It has been presented clinically that antibiotic pastes may drive to possible stem cell death, difficulties in removing from the canal system, which can limit the regenerative procedure. This study was designed to (1) synthesize nanofibrous webs containing various concentrations of different medicaments (triple, double, and calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2), (2) coat this electrospun fibrous gutta-percha (GP) cones. Methods: Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-based electrospun fibrous webs were processed with low medicaments’ concentrations. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out to investigate fiber morphology, antibiotic incorporation, and characterized GP-coated fibrous webs, respectively. The chemical and physical properties of dentine were carried out via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nano-SEM, respectively. The antimicrobial properties of the different fibrous webs were assessed against various bacteria by direct nanofiber/bacteria contact. Cytocompatibility was measured by applying the MTT method. Results: The mean fiber diameter of the experiment groups of medicament-containing fibers ranged in the nm scale and was significantly smaller than PVP fibers. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of medicaments in the nanofibers. XPS analysis presented a complete coating of the fibers with GPs; FTIR and Nano-SEM showed no chemical and physical configuration of intracanal medicaments on the dentine surface. Meanwhile, nanofibrous webs led to a significant reduction in the percentage of viable bacteria compared with the negative control and PVP. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TA-NFs, DA-NFs, and Ca(OH)2)-NFs coated GP cones have significant potential in eliminating intracanal bacteria, cell-friendly behavior, and clinical usage features.

: Nanomaterials have various features that make these types of materials able to be applied in different biomedical applications like, diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery. Using such materials in endodontic filed both to face the challenges that occur during treatment processes and to make these materials have an antibacterial effect without showing any harm on the host cells. The approach of nanofibers loaded with various antibacterial drugs offers a potential treatment method to enhance the elimination procedure of intracanal biofilms. Clinically, many models of bacterial biofilms have been prepared under in vitro conditions for different aims. The process of drug delivery from polymeric nanofibers is based on the principle that the releasing ratio of drug molecules increases due to the increase in the surface area of the hosted structure. In our review, we discuss diverse approaches of loading/releasing drugs on/from nanofibers and we summarized many studies about electrospun nanofibers loaded various drugs applied in the endodontic field. Moreover, we argued both the advantages and the limitations of these modern endodontic treatment materials comparing them with the traditional ones.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on postoperative pain after root canal treatment. Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 2 groups. Forty-two patients were included in the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The treatment procedures were performed by one operator. After local anesthesia and rubber dam isolation, access cavity preparation was performed by diamond burs with high-speed handpieces under the water cooling. Instrumentation of procedures was performed by Reciproc R50 files. Irrigation protocol was completed, canals were dried, filled with gutta-percha cones and AH Plus sealer. After chemo-mechanical instrumentation and root canal filling procedures, LLLT were applied for 60 seconds per tooth using Nd-YAG laser (λ=1064 nm, 100 mJ, 10 Hz, 1-W) The same procedures as in the laser group were performed, been completed but the laser was not activated in this group. These patients were assigned as a placebo group. Postoperative pain was measured and documented via the Visual Analogue Scale. Results: The independent sample t-test was performed after normality and homogeneity tests. No statistically significant differences were detected between the groups in terms of demographic data (age and tooth number) (P > .05). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups at the 4th, 8th, 48th, and 72nd hours (p>.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference between groups at the 12th (p=.030) and 24th hours (p=.041). Conclusion: LLLT can decrease postoperative pain after root canal treatment of single-rooted teeth.

The aim of this study was to compare apically extruded debris caused by different pecking depth of Reciproc and HyFlex EDM systems. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two human mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n=18) based on the file type and pecking depths. In Group 1, a HyFlex EDM (Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland) with 2 mm distance was used, in Group 2, HyFlex EDM with 4 mm distance was used. In Group 3, Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) with 2 mm distance was used, and in Group 4, Reciproc with 4 mm distance was used. The apically extruded debris was collected in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. Three sequential weight measurements were recorded for each Eppendorf tubes, and the average values were noted. Debris amount was calculated by subtracting the weight of the empty tubes from the weight of the tubes containing the debris. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests. Results: There was statistically significant difference between Group 4 (Reciproc with 4mm distance) and all the other groups (p<0.05), while no statistically significant was found among the other groups (p>0.05). The preparation time was the statistically significantly different between groups (p=0,008) and preparation time was longer in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p=0,012) and Group 4 (0,017). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, all groups led to a measurable apical extrusion of debris and reciprocal motion with increasing the pecking depth caused the most debris extrusion.

Organizational justice and motivation are important concepts for organizations to survive in the increasingly competitive work environment and to gain advantage in this competitive environment. Organizations need skilled employees to survive and make a difference. It is among the priorities of the organization to improve the skills of individuals in accordance with the interests of the organization and to increase their motivation by providing a fair work environment. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of organizational justice perceptions of aviation sector employees on their motivation. In the study, organizational justice and motivation are discussed within theoretical frameworks and these theories are supported with a research conducted with employees working in the aviation industry. According to the results of the research, it is seen that there is a strong relationship between employees' perceptions of organizational justice and their motivation.