An experimental and analytical study of the separation of a turbulent boundary layer is reported. The turbulent boundary-layer separation model proposed by Sandborn & Kline (1961) is demonstrated to predict the experimental results. Two distinct turbulent separation regions, an intermittent and a steady separation, with correspondingly different velocity distributions are confirmed. The true zero wall shear stress turbulent separation point is determined by electronic means. The associated mean velocity profile is shown to belong to the same family of profiles as found for laminar separation. The velocity distribution at the point of reattachment of a turbulent boundary layer behind a step is also shown to belong to the laminar separation family.Prediction of the location of steady turbulent boundary-layer separation is made using the technique employed by Stratford (1959) for intermittent separation.

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The ~20% Id,sat improvement is demonstrated successfully on the Si and Ge n-FinFETs with the implement of D-SMT stressor for the first time, based on the optimization of dislocation angle and the understanding of crystal re-growth velocities along different surface planes and directions in Si and Ge. The mobility enhancement ratio with D-SMT stressor in Ge n-FinFET (37%) is found to be larger than it in the Si n-FinFET (30%). Ultra-high capping stress film (>3 GPa) is needed and is the must to modify the crystal re-growth velocities along the [100] and [110] directions for the dislocation angle optimization and the implement of D-SMT on the FinFET structure. The larger stress and mobility enhancement ratio are observed in the narrower gate width device, due to the effect of triple crystal re-growth directions on the FinFET structure.

Two kinds of macrocyclic compounds, S-TAROH18C6 and S-TAROEt12C4 derived from tartaric acid have been synthesized. The structure and conversion of functional groups on this silica gel based resin have been confirmed by IR spectral and elemental analysis. The coordination behaviour of these materials has been investigated by means of IR, EPR, potentiometry and the modification of Langmuir isotherm equation. The metal complexes have been investigated as stationary phases for the separation of amino acid mixtures. Factors affecting the retention and the sample selectivity have been examined. S-TAROEt12C4 possesses good chromatographic characteristics and a unique selectivity in separating underivatized amino acid mixtures and can be used as well for enantiomeric separations.

In order to examine the genetic variance and heritability of serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides, a total of 349 pairs of same-sexed twin neonates born in four major general teaching hospitals in Taipei City were studied. Based on the placental pattern and 12 red blood cell antigens, 271 monozygotic (MZ) and 78 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were identified. There was a significant genetic variance for total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides both unadjusted and adjusted for sex, gestational age and placentation. The unadjusted heritability of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides was 0.59, 0.30, 0.25 and 0.75, respectively; while the corresponding adjusted heritability was 0.74, 0.38, 0.31, and 0.49, respectively. Intrapair variance of serum lipids was not significantly different between monochorionic and dichorionic MZ twins.