A terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) é uma técnica bastante promissora, por apresentar alta seletividade, ser minimamente invasiva, com poucos efeitos colaterais. A técnica se baseia em uma reação química ativada por luz, que, para acontecer, conta com três componentes básicos: fonte de luz, oxigênio e um fármaco fotossensibilizante. Apesar de todas as vantagens oferecidas pela TFD, ainda existem alguns aspectos que impedem o uso isolado da TFD no tratamento oncológico, por existir um ambiente de hipóxia no tumor. Além disso, melhorar o direcionamento da entrega do fármaco tem sido um desafio. Este estudo objetivou analisar novas tecnologias empregadas nos nanocarreadores baseados em células animais aplicadas na terapia fotodinâmica. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, em que o levantamento de dados foi feito selecionando artigos publicados entre os anos de 2015 e 2018, utilizando os bancos de dados PubMed, BVS e SciELO. Ao final desse levantamento, 16 artigos foram selecionados, sendo que 10 tratam do uso de hemácias, 4 de células tumorais, 1 de células NK (Natural Killer) e 1 de células endoteliais para o revestimento e transporte de nanopartículas. As tecnologias mostraram-se bastante promissoras para a administração de drogas na terapia fotodinâmica, acrescentando ainda características próprias de cada célula e promovendo a possibilidade de combinação com outras terapias. Conclui-se, portanto, que a utilização de nanocarreadores baseados em células animais, no contexto da terapia fotodinâmica em oncológica, melhora o transporte dos fármacos, o tempo de circulação sanguínea e o aumento da ação fotodinâmica. Neste contexto, o uso de lipossomas se mostrou mais eficaz, com potencial de, juntamente com outras técnicas terapêutica, aumentar a capacidade de supressão tumoral.

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Objectives: To analyze the aspects of mammography in the early screening of breast cancer, in Brazil, from 2015 to 2019. Methodology: Descriptive epidemiological study, with secondary data extracted from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS), through the Cancer Information System (SISCAN). Information related to mammography examinations was classified by place of care according to the clinical indication (screening or diagnosis), age group (70 years), previous mammography, high risk of breast cancer (BC), examination completion time, and the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS®), which classifies radiological findings as 0 (undefined), 1 (negative), 2 (benign), 3 (probably benign), 4 (suspect), 5 (highly suspicious), and 6 (diagnosed with cancer). Results: Between 2015 and 2019, 3,031,607 mammograms were performed in Brazil, of which 2,955,262 occurred by screening and 76,345 by clinical diagnostic indication. Among the screening mammograms, 63.2% were performed on women in the age group recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS), from 50 to 69 years old. The previous history of this examination was confirmed by 2,300,995 women, where 17.5% were at high risk for BC. For the examination time, 1,396,105 mammograms took place within 30 days, and 775,971 and 859,531 over 60 days. BI-RADS was higher in category 2 (1,520,469 mammograms), followed by category 1 with 1,071,514 of mammograms, and in the target population recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, the largest number of tests was concentrated in BI-RADS category 2 with 34.2%. Conclusion: Characterization of the main aspects involved in mammography, such as age, high risk, and among others, allows to infer that the early screening of BC when prioritized by public health policies, aiming at the promotion of women’s health, impacts on the early detection and the reduction of the incidence and mortality by BC in women in Brazil.

Introduction: The new evidence has shown that infection with the new coronavirus is responsible for a series of neurological sequelae, which can persist even after the patient’s recovery, with headache being one of them. Objective: To assess the current evidence on the persistent headache after the infection with the new coronavirus. Design and setting: A systematic review conducted at the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás. Methods: Systematic review. After filtering the duplicate studies and reading the title, abstract and full text of the remaining articles, studies that did not meet the objectives were excluded. Results: After the infiltration of the virus in the Central Nervous System, it can be observed that systemic disturbances occur, which lead to headaches with mild to intense intensity, with sudden and bilateral onset and frontotemporal localization being its most frequent presentation. Patients with a previous history of migraine were more susceptible to headache during COVID-19 infection, noting differences in the form of manifestation. In addition, several studies have concluded that this symptom can persist for more than 80 days and predispose to chronic headache. Conclusion: In view of the analysis of the articles exposed in this study, we can infer that headache is present as a clinical manifestation of great importance in cases of infection with the new coronavirus, and future multicenter randomized studies may clarify the possibility of a chronification of this symptom after this disease.

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