RESUMO -Conduziu-se um experimento com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de diferentes níveis de fósforo disponível (Pd) e de cálcio (Ca) na dieta sobre o desempenho, a qualidade dos ovos e o perfil nutricional do tecido ósseo de codornas japonesas durante a fase inicial de postura. Foram utilizadas 700 codornas japonesas, com 61 dias de idade, distribuídas em 70 unidades experimentais de dez aves. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, composto de cinco níveis de Pd (0,15; 0,25; 0,35; 0,45 e 0,55%) e dois de Ca (2,5 e 3,2%), com sete repetições por tratamento. As dietas experimentais foram isoprotéicas (20,0% PB), isocalóricas (2.900 kcal EM/kg) e isoaminoacídicas. Os níveis de Pd influenciaram de forma quadrática a altura e o diâmetro médio dos ovos, o teor de Ca na casca e a porcentagem de Ca (2,5%Ca) e P (3,2%Ca) nos ossos. Houve melhora linear na produção de ovos comercializáveis e na porcentagem de P nos ossos (menor nível da Ca testado) até os níveis de 0,31 e 0,51% de Pd, respectivamente, na dieta. Com o aumento dos níveis de Pd na dieta, a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos piorou de forma linear e a porcentagem e o peso de gema reduziram até os níveis 0,40 e 0,25% de Pd, respectivamente, na dieta. O peso, a porcentagem e a espessura de casca, o peso específico, o teor de Ca na casca e a porcentagem de Ca nos ossos foram influenciados pelos níveis de Ca na dieta. Não houve influência dos níveis de Ca e Pd sobre a produção de ovos, o consumo de ração, a massa de ovos, a conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, a viabilidade, o peso médio final das aves e a porcentagem e o peso de albúmen nos ovos. Níveis dietéticos de 2,5 e 0,31% de Pd são suficientes para proporcionar bom desempenho produtivo e para manutenção satisfatória da qualidade dos ovos e do perfil nutricional do tecido ósseo de codornas japonesas durante a fase inicial de postura.Palavras-chave: Coturnix coturnix japonica, desempenho produtivo, qualidade do ovo, perfil nutricional Levels of phosphorus and calcium in diets of laying Japanese quailsABSTRACT -An experiment was conducted with the objective to verify the effect of different levels of available phosphorus (aP) and of calcium (Ca) in the diet on the performance, the quality of eggs and the nutritional status of the bone tissue of japanese quails during the initial laying phase. A total of 700 japanese quails, with 61 days of age, distributed in 70 experimental units with 10 birds each were used. A completely randomized experimental design was use, in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement with five levels of aP (0.15; 0.25; 0.35; 0.45 e 0,55%) and two levels of Ca (2.5 e 3.2%), with seven replicates per treatments. The experimental diets were isoprotéicas (20.0% CP), isocalóricas (2.900 kcal ME/kg) and isoaminoacids.The levels of aP influenced by a quadratic form, the height and the average diameter of the eggs, the Ca egg shell content and percentage of Ca (2.5% Ca) and P (3.2% Ca) in the bones. There was a linear improvement for the commercial egg production a...

RESUMO -O experimento foi conduzido para estimar o nível de treonina digestível para codornas japonesas em postura, durante 63 dias. Quatrocentas codornas, com idade inicial de 57 dias, foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos, oito repetições e 10 aves por unidade experimental. A dieta basal, deficiente em treonina e com 20% PB, 2.910 kcal EM/kg, foi suplementada com cinco níveis de L-treonina 98% (0,018; 0,074; 0,128; 0,183 e 0,239%), correspondendo à relação treonina digestível:lisina digestível de 0,65; 0,70; 0,75; 0,80 e 0,85, respectivamente, para compor os tratamentos experimentais. As características estudadas foram: consumo de ração, consumo de treonina, produção de ovos, produção de ovos comercializáveis, peso do ovo, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, qualidade dos ovos (gema, albúmen e casca), altura e diâmetro dos ovos e gravidade específica. Observou-se efeito linear dos tratamentos somente sobre o consumo de treonina. Concluiu-se que, para proporcionar os melhores resultados de desempenho e de qualidade de ovos, a codorna japonesa não exige mais que 0,65% de treonina digestível para um consumo de 149,2 mg de treonina digestível/dia ou um consumo diário de 14,34 mg de treonina digestível/g ovo, correspondendo à relação treonina digestível:lisina digestível de 0,65.Palavras-chave: aminoácido digestível, Coturnix coturnix japonica, produção de ovos, proteína ideal Digestible threonine levels in diets for laying Japanese quail ABSTRACT -The experiment was carried out to estimate the level of digestible threonine for laying japanese quail during 63 days. A total of 400 japanese quails, with inicial age of 57 days were allotted to a complete randomized experimental design with five treatments, eight replicates and ten birds per experimental unit. The basal diet, deficient in threonine and with 20% C, 2,910kcal ME/kg, was supplemented with five levels of L-threonine 98% (0.018, 0.074, 0.128, 0.183, and 0.239%), corresponding to digestible threonine: digestible lysine ratios 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, and 0.85, respectively, to compose the experimental treatments. The characteristics evaluated were: feed intake, threonine intake, egg production, production of commercial eggs, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass, feed conversion per egg dozen, egg quality (yolk, albumen and shell), egg length and width and specific gravity. Linear effect was only observed in the threonine intake. In conclusion, to provide the best performance results and of the quality of eggs, the Japanese quail does not require more than 0.65% of digestible threonine for a intake of 149.2 mg of digestible threonine/day or a daily intake of 14.34 mg of digestible threonine/g egg, corresponding to the digestible threonine: digestible lysine ratio of 0.65. Key Words: Coturnix coturnix japonica, digestible amino acid, egg production, ideal protein IntroduçãoA codorna japonesa (Coturnix coturnix japonica) surgiu no Japão, em 1910, pe...

RESUMO -Para avaliar a possibilidade de descarte de variáveis de produção em 942 aves de postura por meio de componentes principais, visando eliminar características redundantes e de difícil mensuração, foram utilizados os dados obtidos Principal component analysis in laying hen production traitsABSTRACT -To assess the possibility of discarding production variables in 942 laying hens by principle component analysis to eliminate unnecessary and difficult to measure characteristics, data were obtained from laying hen lines of the genetic breeding program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. The traits analyzed were egg production rate (TP) from the 26 th to the 58 th week, individual mean weight at the 34 th (PMI 1 ), 42 th (PMI 2 ), 50 th (PMI 3 ), 58 th (PMI 4 ) and 66 th week (PMI 5 ); egg mean weight at the the 34 th (PMO 1 ), 42 nd (PMO 2 ), 50 th (PMO 3 ), 58 th (PMO 4 ) and 66 th weeks of age (PMO 5 ).Eight of the 11 principal components showed variance lower than 0.7 (eigenvalue lower than 0.7), suggesting 8 variables to discard. The discarded variables were those that showed the highest coefficients, in absolute value, from the last principal component because variables highly correlated with the principal components of smaller variance represent practically insignificant variation. The discarded variables presented significant simple linear correlation with the others, therefore, they were redundant. Based on these results, the following variables are recommended for use in future experiments: TP, PMI 1 , PMO 4 .

ABSTRACT. We examined the effects of environmental and genetic factors on the weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI) in sows. In order to perform the analyses of the environmental factors, 8104 observations of the 1st to the 6th WEI were carried out, while 6548 observations of the 1st to the 3rd WEI were carried out for the analyses of genetic factors. The environmental model included as fixed effects, herd, genetic line, year and season of birth, as well as the covariates, age of sow at farrowing, litter size at birth and lactation length. Genetic analysis was performed by repeatability and multitrait models. The mean and coefficient of variation for WEI were 7.02 days and 100.6%, respectively. The linear effect of lactation length and the quadratic effect of the age of sow at farrowing affected the WEI. Herd, year and season of farrowing were significant sources of variation for WEI, and there was no influence of genetic line or of litter size at birth. Heritability estimated by the repeatability model was 0.04, while heritabilities obtained by the multitrait model were Factors affecting the weaning-estrus interval in sows 0.07, 0.02 and 0.07 for the first three WEI, respectively. Estimates of genetic correlations among the different WEI were of moderate to low magnitude. It was concluded that environmental factors, such as year and season of farrowing, lactation length, age of sow at farrowing and herd, should be considered in the model for best estimation of genetic parameters for this trait. Although with only a small possible genetic gain, selection can be made based on the first WEI.

The objective of this study was to obtain estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for egg mass of meat quails and also to propose an optimal age for selection of birds through the egg mass. The data used in this study came from 3,503 female meat quails (UFV1: 1.811 quails; UFV2: 1.692 quails) of the Poultry Breeding Program from Universidade Federal de Viçosa. The traits examined were egg mass in partial periods until 77, 112, 147 and 182 days, and egg mass in the total period of 407 days by the use of single and bi-trait animal models. For the genetic group UFV1, the heritability values for the periods were high: 0.58, 0.59, 0.57, 0.59 and 0.24 (until 77, 112, 147,182 and 407 days, respectively). The values of genetic correlations were medium, ranging from 0.51 (77 and 407 days) to 0.61 (112 and 407, 147 and 407 days). For the genetic group UFV2, the estimates of heritability were of low magnitude: 0.05, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.11 (until 77, 112, 147, 182, and 407 days, respectively). The values for genetic correlation ranged from 0.61 (112 and 407 days) to 0.93 (77 and 407 days). For the genetic group UFV1, the second partial period (112 days) for selection of meat quails using the egg mass trait is recommended, due to a higher value of heritability and a higher value of genetic correlation with the total and relative efficiency close to the unity in this period. In the genetic group UFV2, the first partial period (77 days) is indicated, since it had a higher estimation of genetic correlation and a higher relative efficiency. The choice of these partial periods reduces the generation interval, increasing the intensity of selection and an increase in genetic gain per unit of time