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The sexual behavior of 143 boys and 137 girls aged 16 to 19 years who participate in a follow-up survey is described; they were also studied when they were 12-15 years old. Masturbation was more frequent in boys and the prevalence was higher than that of the 12-15 years period; a positive opkrion on masturbation was given by the 76% of boys and-40% of girls and a negative one by the 7,7% and 20% respectively; only one girl thought it was a sin. Contraception was thought as useful or harmful preferentially by boys; IUD. oral or inyectabic contraceptives and natural methods were known more by girls than boys, condoms were known more by boys. Heterosexual intercourses were considered positive or negative by 51 %and 42% of boys and by 44%and 48% of girls respectively; 54.5 % of boy and 70.8% of girls never had intercourses, a lower proportion than in the 12-15 years period; boys began intercouses earlier. The fate of pregnancies and familial feelings and reactions to pregnancy are also described. Anal coitus was done at least once by 13.8%of boys; 4 boys (2.B%) had a steady homosexual behavior from the 12-15 years period; 6 girls have, once, homosexual intercourse; most of the 280 young people thought homosexuality as a negative bahavior. (

Emotional aspects in childhood cancer survivorsErnolionai recct'ons among children [age I I year or less} survivrg cancer were investigated. Most of them perceived world in a threading way, sel : oerceptions were predcninantly negative ana' their main cause or cnx ; ety was death. These findings highl grit tne need to give due consideratio-1 to the emotional aspects of these patienls along diagnostic procedures, treatment and further controls. Children with cancer end their families should be offered sound emotional support and appropriate information about the problem and its management to improve their quality of life.(Key words cancer, neoplasm, c h i'd, survival, elective symptoms, emotions.)La sobrevida de los ninos afectados por las diversas formas de cancer infantil ha aumentado significativamente en los riltimos 20 anos, lo que puede atribuirse a los avances en los metodos de diagnostico, estrategias de manejo y esquemas terapeuticos 1 ' 5 . Estos resultados plantean a los especialistas la neccsidad de atender el compromiso en las distintas areas del desarrollo fi'sico y psiquico (incluyendo la dimensi<5n afectiva y cognitiva) de los afectados. El conocimiento del impacto de la enfermedad en la persona del nino permite un tratamiento ma's integral, favoreciendo un ajuste psicosocial, actual y futuro, satisfactorio y mejor calidad de vida, la que en ultimo termino se traduce en vivencias de bienestar personal 12 . El nino con cancer debe lidiar con una serie de agresiones a lo largo de su enfermedad: tecnicas de diagnostico complejas, invasoras y a veces dolorosas; tratamiento generalmente agresivo; alejamiento transitorio del hogar por hospitalizaci6n en una etapa de gran dependencia de los adultos; repercusiones emocionales y economicas en la fami- . Asi, pues, es necesario evaluar cdmo el nino sobreviviente de cdncer ha sido impactado por su enfermedad, en particular sobre los aspectos vivenciales, que constituyen la dimensi6n que ha recibido menor atencion en las investigaciones sobre esta materia y que, por esta raz6n, fueron elegidos para este estudio.El esclarecimiento de las vivencias infantiles permite entender y forjar herramientas para ayudar a los ninos afectados y a sus familias, que no comprenden y muchas veces no hablan de sus temores. De este modo es posible prevenir el asentamiento de nucleos de patologfa psiquica, contribuyendo a mejorar la calidad de la sobrevida.La enfermedad onco!6gica ocurre en las primeras etapas del desarrollo infantil en la poblacion estudiada, por lo tanto cabria esperar mayor vulnerabilidad a la angustia que en otras edades por los incipientes recursos psico!6gicos con que cuenta el nino para manejarla. Por otra parte, el ajuste escolar puede verse interferido por las reiteradas inasistencias y experiencias negativas en la relacion con sus companeros (como pueden ser las burlas por la cafda del cabello o por los efectos y secuelas de las radiaciones en el sistema nervioso central) 4 . 145

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Aspectos clinicos y psicopatologicos de la tartamudez precoz patologica 1 , 2 3 Dr. Carlos Almonte V. ; Psicol. Sofia Lecaios Z. ; Fonoaudiol. Edith Schwalm A. ; T. Ocupac. M. Astric Salen Ch. 4 Clinical and psychopathological aspects of early pathological stutteringThe authors analyse 13 children of both sexes who began stuttering before 7 years of age and consulted during this period. A distinction is made between "physiological" stuttering and early "pathological" stuttering, focusing the study in the latter group. The different areas of neuropsychological development are analyzed, finding disturbances in speech and language organization in 77%of the children, fn = 10) and difficulties in mother-child comunication in 100% of the cases. The authors pose that early "pathological" stuttering should be treated considering language and interpersonal relationships, since in a high percentage of patients it becomes chronic, possibly persisting along school years, adolescence,, and even adulthood, disturbing the development of personality and interpersonal relationships. This is not the case with "physiological" stuttering, which shows spontaneous remission. (Key words: early pathological stuttering, development of language, family relations).