Resumo:A etnomuseologia visa engajar os povos indígenas em um diálogo com a sua cultura material. Este artigo reflete sobre uma experiência efetuada no acervo etnográfico do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi com interlocutores Mebêngôkre-Kayapó e Baniwa sobre importantes coleções de seus respectivos povos, as quais datam do início do século XX. Além de perceber diferenças entre conceitos museológicos, ou científicos, e indígenas sobre as peças e os processos de musealização, também foi possível observar uma série de diferenças culturais entre os Mebêngôkre-Kayapó e os Baniwa no que concerne à maneira de se relacionar com os objetos de seu passado. Ambos os grupos atribuíram características subjetivas aos objetos no acervo, mas, no caso dos Mebêngôkre-Kayapó, a subjetividade das peças antigas representava uma ameaça aos visitantes do acervo, levando a um certo receio em manusear as peças, concebidas com troféus de guerra capturados de inimigos perigosos. Os Baniwa, ao contrário, expressavam grande carinho com os 'objetos do vovô' e sentiam-se no direito de manusear as peças que representam o patrimônio de clãs patrilineais. Esta experiência em etnomuseologia comparada ressalta a diversidade de conceitos, atitudes e expectativas dos povos indígenas perante às coleções museológicas, e a necessidade desta nova abordagem de pesquisa colaborativa.
Palavras-chave:Etnomuseologia. Coleções etnográficas. Povos indígenas. Mebêngôkre-Kayapó. Baniwa. Vídeo.Abstract: Ethnomuseology seeks to put indigenous people in dialog with their own material culture heritage. This article reflects on collaborative research carried out with Mebêngôkre-Kayapó and Baniwa consultants on important collections of both groups from the early twentieth century. In addition to noting differences between museological or scientific and indigenous concepts about museum objects, we also noticed a number of cultural differences in the way the two indigenous groups related to objects from their past. While both cultural groups attributed subjective characteristics to museum objects, for the Mebêngôkre-Kayapó this subjectivity expressed itself mostly in terms of possible threats to visitors of the museum collections, leading to a hesitancy to handle museum objects, assumed to be war trophies captured in the past from dangerous enemies. The Baniwa, by contrast, expressed great affection for 'grandpa's things', and they felt they had a right to handle objects that represent the heritage of patrilineal clans. This experience in ethnomuseology highlights the diversity of indigenous concepts, attitudes and expectations about museum collections and the need for the dialogical approach to collaborative research.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a review about sizing of joints, from the static and fatigue points of view. A discussion about advantages and disadvantages of each joining technology, among the ones mentioned above, will be presented.
Design/methodology/approach
Although many other aspects will be discussed, emphasis will be given to the joint fatigue behavior, and fatigue test results will be presented and discussed.
Findings
This paper is a subject review, where no new findings are presented. However, the comparison of fatigue test results for mechanically fastened joints and friction stir welding joints will show the advantages of the latter.
Practical Implications
With the information presented, the authors expect to provide some guidelines that will help to improve future joint designs.
Originality/value
The review information contained in this paper may be used as reference for aircraft joint design.
O trabalho analisa os efeitos sobre as retomadas de terras por quilombolas, a partir da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), que julgou improcedente a Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) 3239, reconhecendo constitucional o Decreto nº 4.887/2003 e inaplicável a tese do marco temporal às titulações dos territórios quilombolas. Pela análise dos votos proferidos no julgamento e uma revisão bibliográfica, conclui-se que a decisão reconhece as ações de retomada e, com base na tese do Direito como efetividade, abre perspectiva para reocupações em defesa da posse tradicional enquanto ferramenta para o avanço rumo à efetividade do seu direito à titulação.
This work intends to introduce a probabilistic approach for the crack propagation analysis. It presents a methodology that is based on the distribution of the initial flaw size a 0 . Departing from fatigue test results for specific structural components, an estimation of the initial flaw distribution is obtained, and from this distribution it becomes possible to establish the appropriate initial flaw size for crack propagation analysis for the chosen statistical distribution, such as Weibull or Log-normal. The methodology allows to apply different values of a 0 for different components or structural details, reflecting the quality of the manufacturing process for the item evaluated. Two examples of practical applications of the EIFS concept are presented, corresponding to lugs and shear joints usually used for aerospace applications.
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