ABSTRACT:This study aimed to test controlled levels of water deficiency in soil in mango trees, under microsprinkling irrigation, in semi-arid conditions, and to evaluate its effect in the productivity and fruits quality. The deficits were applied in the phases I, II and III of growth of the fruit, during the productive cycles of the mango tree in 2006 and 2007. The experiment in both cases was arranged in an entirely random design with 10 treatments and 3 repetitions, in the year I, and with 8 treatments and 3 repetitions in the year II. The values of soil water potential, of the treatments submitted to regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), were placed in the range of 0 to -0.011 MPa, showing that the soil humidity varied between the saturation and the field capacity, not characterizing deficit water condition. The average values of stem water potential (Ψ stem ) varied between -0.90 and -1.74 MPa, evidencing significant effect (p <0.05) just for T1 (without irrigation), T7 and T8 (RDI with 30% of the ETc in the phases II and III, respectively). Through the variance analysis, significant differences were not verified among productivity, number of fruits per plant and size of the fruit, in none of the experiments, what indicates the possibility of reduction of the water use in the irrigation of the mango tree without significant losses of productivity and fruit quality.KEYWORDS: mango, irrigation management, water use optimization. IRRIGAÇÃO COM DÉFICIT REGULADO E PRODUTIVIDADE DE MANGUEIRA TOMMY ATKINS, SOB MICROASPERSÃO, NO SEMIÁRIDORESUMO: Este trabalho teve o objetivo de testar níveis controlados de deficiência de água no solo em mangueira irrigada por microaspersão, no semi-árido, e avaliar seu efeito na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. Os déficits foram aplicados nas fases I, II e III de crescimento do fruto, durante os ciclos produtivos da cultura da mangueira, nos anos de 2006 e 2007. O delineamento experimental, em ambos os casos, foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dez tratamentos e três repetições, no ano I, e com oito tratamentos e três repetições, no ano II. Os valores de potencial de água no solo, dos tratamentos submetidos à irrigação com déficit regulado (RDI), situaram-se na faixa de 0 a -0,011 MPa mostrando que a umidade do solo variou entre a saturação e a capacidade de campo, não caracterizando condição de déficit hídrico. Os valores médios de potencial hídrico do ramo (Ψ stem ) variaram entre -0,90 e -1,74 MPa, mostrando efeito significativo apenas para T1 (sem irrigação), T7 e T8 (RDI com 30% da ETc nas fases II e III, respectivamente). Por meio da análise de variância, não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre produtividade, número de frutos por planta e tamanho do fruto, em nenhum dos experimentos, o que indica a possibilidade de redução do uso de água na irrigação da cultura sem perdas significativas de produtividade e qualidade do fruto.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os teores foliares de nutrientes e a produtividade de bananeiras tipo Prata, submetidas a diferentes sistemas de irrigação, durante o primeiro ciclo de produção. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 3x2: três sistemas de irrigação (aspersão convencional, microaspersão e gotejamento); e dois genótipos (Prata-Anã e seu híbrido PA42-44). Utilizaram-se quatro repetições, no espaçamento de 3,0x2,5 m. Procedeu-se às avaliações aos 90, 180 e 360 dias após o plantio. Os genótipos e os sistemas de irrigação apresentaram interações significativas quanto aos teores foliares de B e Cu, aos 180 dias após o plantio; e os genótipos diferiram entre si quanto aos teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu e Mn, independentemente dos sistemas de irrigação. Os teores foliares dos nutrientes ocorreram em níveis adequados ou acima deles. Os menores teores foliares de micronutrientes ocorrem sob gotejamento. Os genótipos apresentam produtividade similar nos diferentes sistemas de irrigação.Termos para indexação: Musa, avaliação nutricional, genótipos, rendimento. Nutritional status of Prata type bananas under different irrigation systemsAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate nutrient leaf contents and the productivity of 'Prata-Anã' banana submitted to different irrigation systems, during the first production cycle. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with six treatments in 3x2 factorial arrangement: three irrigation systems (conventional sprinkler, microsprinkler and drip); and two genotypes (Prata-Anã and its hybrid PA42-44). Four replicates were used in a 3.0x2.5-m spacing. The evaluations were done at 90, 180 and 360 days after planting. The genotypes and the irrigation systems showed significant interaction for leaf contents of B and Cu, at 180 days after planting; and the genotypes differed from each other for leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu and Mn, independently of the irrigation system used. Nutrient leaf contents occurred in sufficient levels or above them. The lowest micronutrient leaf contents occur under drip irrigation. The genotypes have similar yield under the different irrigation systems.Index terms: Musa, nutritional evaluation, genotypes, yield. IntroduçãoA bananeira (Musa spp.), planta originária do Continente Asiático, é cultivada no Brasil em ecossistemas variados e em diferentes níveis tecnológicos. Cultivos de bananeira sob diferentes sistemas de irrigação podem diferir quanto à produtividade, ainda que se utilizem as mesmas cultivares e condições de cultivo. Isto decorre de diferenças na aplicação da água relacionadas à uniformidade de distribuição, à área e ao volume molhados, à intensidade e frequência de aplicação, o que pode alterar a distribuição espacial do sistema radicular, os atributos químicos do solo e o fluxo difusivo de nutrientes e, portanto, afetar os teores de nutrientes na planta.Essas considerações, válidas para qualquer cultivo, têm especial relevância par...
RESUMOObjetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar diferentes níveis de déficit hídrico controlado no solo em mangueira 'Tommy Atkins' irrigada por gotejamento no semiárido e seu efeito na produtividade, eficiência de uso da água e no potencial hídrico do ramo. Os déficits foram aplicados durante as fases de desenvolvimento do fruto. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 10 tratamentos e cinco repetições, no ciclo 1, e com 8 tratamentos e 4 repetições no ciclo 2 de avaliação. Os valores de potencial de água no solo, nos tratamentos submetidos à irrigação com déficit controlado (RDI), situaram na faixa de 0 a -0,010 MPa, mostrando que a umidade do solo variou entre a saturação e a capacidade de campo, enquanto os valores médios de potencial hídrico no ramo (Ψstem) variaram entre -0,83 e -1,62 MPa, sendo os menores valores nos ramos das plantas não irrigadas e nas plantas com RDI de 30% da ETc nas fases II e III. A produtividade, número de frutos por planta e tamanho do fruto não diferiram entre os tratamentos, o que possibilita redução do uso de água na irrigação da cultura sem perdas significativas de produtividade e qualidade do fruto.Palavras-Chaves: estratégias de irrigação, manejo de irrigação, eficiência de uso da água. REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION AND 'TOMMY ATKINS' MANGO CROP PRODUCTIVITY UNDER DRIP ABSTRACTThe objective of this work was to evaluate different levels of controlled soil water deficit in 'Tommy Atkins' mango crop irrigated by drip irrigation in the semiarid region and its effect on yield, water use efficiency and water potential in the shoot. Deficits were applied during the development stages of the fruit. The experimental design was completely randomized with 10 treatments and five replications in first cycle and with 8 treatments and 4 replications in second
Aims: To evaluate productivity and nutrient supply in 'Gigante' cactus pear with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) using wastewater, compared to RDI using common water and fertilization with bovine manure. Study Design: Treatments: no fertilization and no irrigation (T1); no fertilization and RDI with wastewater (0.6 L plant-1 week-1) (T2); no fertilization and RDI with wastewater (1.2 L plant-1 week-1, applied once a week) (T3); no fertilization and RDI with wastewater (1.2 L plant-1 week-1, divided into two applications per week) (T4); with organic fertilization (60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure) and RDI with common water (1.2 L plant-1 week-1) (T5); and with organic fertilization (60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure) and no irrigation (T6). The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with five replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out between October 2015 and August 2017 at Instituto Federal Baiano, Guanambi Campus, Brazil. Methodology: Productivity of green and dry matter, amount of macro and micronutrients applied in the soil by wastewater and by organic fertilizer, macro and micronutrient contents present in the cladodes tissues, and macro and micronutrient contents in the soil were evaluated. The wastewater used was collected in the stabilization pond of the campus. Results: Green matter yield was significantly higher in irrigated treatments. Regarding dry matter, its value was higher in T5 and it did not differ statistically in the others. Conclusions: RDI, using common water, provided a yield of green matter 2.47 times higher than in non-irrigated treatment with the same fertilization; in the absence of organic fertilization, RDI, using wastewater, provided a yield of green matter 1.96 times higher than in non-irrigated treatment; in the absence of irrigation, organic fertilization does not provided a yield higher than in non-fertilized treatment; and the contribution of N, K, Cu, Zn and Mn only by the wastewater is not enough to sustain the crop's productivity in the long term.
This study aimed to evaluate the productive characteristics, gas exchange and water use efficiency of the banana 'Prata-Anã' clone Gorutuba under different irrigation intervals associated with different emitter heights. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme: two irrigation intervals (daily and every two days) and four emitter heights (50, 70, 90, and 110 cm) in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The irrigation depths applied by the microsprinkler irrigation system were calculated as a function of crop evapotranspiration. The gas exchanges were evaluated during the period of greatest climatic stress, and the productive characteristics were evaluated at harvest. The economic water use efficiency was determined indirectly by considering the production divided by the applied irrigation depth, which was the same in all the treatments. The instantaneous water use efficiency was estimated with an infrared gas analyzer in the critical climatic period. There was no interaction between the irrigation intervals and emitter heights. The two-day irrigation interval resulted in lower values of leaf temperature and photosynthetically active radiation incident on the leaves, resulting in a higher fruit weight and, consequently, higher yields and a higher water use efficiency. The highest fruit weights were obtained at heights of 70 and 90 cm.
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