One of the most common problems on roads is traffic congestion caused by problems with heavy vehicles (e.g. trucks, trailers). The consequences of this problem often harm the wider community, both in material and non-material forms such as fuel waste and loss of time. Several previous studies have tried to look for factors that cause traffic congestion, but it has not been able to provide a complete understanding of the root causes and who are the stakeholders who must have an important role in solving this problem. This study aims to develop a research framework to get more better understanding about congestion caused by problems with heavy vehicles, which can be categorized as a type of non-recurrent congestion (NRC) that is dynamic and unpredictable. Risk management prioritizes a proactive approach before an event occurs, so the impact of risk can be minimized. Probability and Impact Matrix techniques are used to determine risk priority. Furthermore, to find the root causes of traffic congestion problems, the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method and Social Network Analysis (SNA) are considered to be quite potential to be used to describe complex patterns of relationships among stakeholders. The results of this study are expected to provide more complete information to understand the problem of congestion due to the problem of heavy vehicles, so that a more comprehensive solution can be formulated.

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Some of the factors causing early damage to Indonesia’s flexible pavement system in Indonesia were allegedly caused by several things, including the Equivalent axle load (EAL) equation incompatible with Indonesia’s situation where most heavy vehicles carry overloaded loads. One effort that can be done to avoid severe damage to the road is overlaid pavement. It is suspected that the overlay on the flexible pavement will affect the shape of the EAL equation. This paper will discuss the EAL equation before and after the flexible pavement is overlaid by measuring the pavement deflection’s value using a falling weight deflectometer (FWD). The data obtained in the form of pavement deflection value is then analyzed using the regression analysis method with the permanent deformation theory approach. From the research analysis, it is obtained that the power rank value for applying the maximum load limit regulation and the type tandem axle dual wheel (TADW) shall follow determined EAL before and after overlay to the type single axle dual wheel (SADW).

Bituminous binders used for flexible pavement materials are primarily obtained from refinement of petroleum. Since petroleum is non-renewable resource, there is an urgent need to produce alternative binders from bio-renewable resources. Standard alternative binders include pyrolyzed materials, jatropha curcas oil, waste cooking oil, pine resin, etc. This article presents an overview on the application of various types of alternative binders as a modifier for virgin asphalt, rejuvenator for aging asphalt, and recycling agent for reclaimed asphalt pavement. This review discusses the effect of using alternative binders on the physical and rheological properties of asphalt 60/70 and shows that alternative binders’ in appropriate dosage can enhance the physical properties of virgin asphalt and restore the properties of the aged binders. It is also concluded that rutting resistance and fatigue performance are affected by an alternative binder. The possibility of using alternative bituminous binder from economics point of view is also discussed for consideration of its applications in the paving industry.