Pembuatan film plastik biodegradable telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan pati ubi kayu yang berfungsi sebagai bahan baku utama, aquades yang berfungsi sebagai pelarut, serta nano Serat Jerami, ZnO dan campuran keduanya yang berfungsi sebagai penguat bioplastik. Pati ubi kayu dipilih sebagai bahan baku pembuatan plastik karena selain mudah didapat dan harganya murah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat plastik yang dapat mengurangi dampak lingkungan dengan melihat pengaruh konsentrasi penguat yang digunakan terhadap sifat mekanik film, daya serap air, dan laju penguraian dari plastik tersebut. Penguat yang digunakan adalah nano Serat Jerami, ZnO dan campuran keduanya dengan konsentrasi berat 1%, 3%, 6%, dan 9% dari masing-masing penguat. Pengujian sifat mekanik (kuat tarik dan elongasi) menggunakan Electronic System Universal Testing Machines, pengujian daya serap air dilakukan dengan cara merendam film tersebut di dalam air selama 24 jam, dan pengujian laju penguraian dilakukan dengan cara menguburkan film ke dalam tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai kuat tarik tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi 9% ZnO 0,32 kgf/mm , sebaliknya persen elongasi tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi 1% nano serat jerami yaitu 34%. Daya serap air terendah diperoleh pada konsentrasi 9% Zno yaitu 16% yang paling tinggi penyerapan air pada konsentrasi nano serat jerami 1% adalah 27,23% dan proses penguraian terjadi selama 18 -27 hari.Kata kunci: biodegradable, pati ubi kayu, nano serat jerami, ZnO

The biodegradable plastics have been synthesized from janeng starch with the addition of ZnO and Glycerol as plasticizers. The process has used ZnO with variation of concentration by 1%, 3% 6%, then Glycerol with volume 1 ml, 3 ml, and 6 ml. The utilization of 6% ZnO and 3 ml of glycerol showed the highest tensile strength of 2.8 kgf/cm 2 ; conversely, the highest percent elongation was obtained at 1% ZnO with addition 6 ml glycerol to be 4.5%. The lowest water absorption was captured in the composition of 6% ZnO with the addition of 1 ml of glycerol, which was equal to 2.9%, and the decomposition process occurred for 27 to 36 days.

The synthesis of biodegradable plastic film was carried out by using sago starch as main raw material, water as solvent, glycerol and sorbitol as plasticizer. Sago was selected as raw material for plastics not only because it’s cheap and easy to obtain, but also the utilization of sago is still very minimal. The research aimed to make the environmental friendly plastic, and to be better than the conventional ones. Parameters plasticizer of the research were glycerol and sorbitol by 7%, 8% and 9% weight of total mass, and the weight ratio of sago starch and water were 1:5, 1:7 and 1:9. The characteristics of plastic film that tested were the test mechanical of characteristic (tensile and elongation) by electronic system Universal Testing Machines, the water adsorption test in accordance with put the film in water for 24 hours, and biodegradability test by buring in the ground. The results showed that the highest tensile strength was 0.363 kgf/cm2 from concentration of sorbitol 7% and ratio of sago starch and water 1:5. The other way, the highest elongation percent result obtained was 125% from concentration of glycerol 9% with ratio of sago starch and water 1:9. The lowest water adsorption test obtained was 11,11% from concentration 7% glycerol with ratio of sago starch and water 1:7 and the degradable process was performed in 9-12 days.

The use of banana hump flour as a raw material for making biodegradable plastic is an alternative to using banana starch plastic in an effort to reduce plastic waste. Bananas contain 66% carbohydrates, protein, water and essential minerals . To get biodegradable plastic, starch is added along with CMC (carboxy methylcellulose), glycerol and citronella oil as anti-bacterial and antioxidant. In this research, a research was conducted on the manufacture of biodegradable plastic mixture of starch, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), glycerol as a plasticizer and citronella oil by modifying CMC, glycerol and citronella oil. This study includes two variables, namely fixed variables and variable variables. Fixed variables include starch concentration with water 1:5, stirring speed 100 rpm and starch gelatinization temperature 70oC, while variables including CMC concentration include levels (5.5; 6.5 ; and 7.5) % (w/w), Citronella oil concentrations included (15; 20; and 25) % (w/v), and glycerol concentrations included (25; 35; and 45)% (w/v). This study aims to determine the effect of adding CMC citronella oil and glycerol as a plasticizer to the mechanical properties, morphology, and biodegradability tests , as well as the antioxidant activity of the resulting plastic . The results of this study indicate that biodegradable plastic has a tensile strength value of 0.210.38 kgf/mm2; elongation value between 16.3-54.20%; Morphological examination showed that the surface of the plastic was smooth and the plastic completely decomposed in the soil within 27 days.

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