Intermittent scrotal insulation affected not only the motility of the freshly collected sperm, but also their ability to withstand the additional stress of storage. The additional data on motility characteristics obtained by CASA appeared to be no more a sensitive indicator than the percentage of motile cells of reductions in semen quality.

No abstract

The growth hormone (GH) is the main regulator of postnatal growth and metabolism in mammals. The action of GH on target cells depends on the growth hormone receptor (GHR). This is mediated through induced transcription of other genes. GHR gene is one of the candidate genes employed in selection strategy using DNA markers (marker assisted selection). This study was designed to identify the novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 8 and intron 8 of GHR gene that may affect production traits in Bali cattle. A SNP was identified by the direct sequencing technique. Genotypes of the SNPs were identified using PCR-RFLP. The SNP was located in intron 8 of the GHR gene and was caused by an A/G transition. It was identified using the HpyCH4III restriction enzyme. Polymorphism of GHR/HpyCH4III has a significant influence on weaning weight and average daily gain, but not on birth weight of Bali cattle.

The aim of this research was to determine the nutrient content, digestibility on wafer of feed supplement and productivity of Bali calves. This research had two steps experimental, the first steps experiment to determine the nutrient content and digestibility on wafer of feed supplement. The composition wafer of feed supplement i.e. T1 = wafer containing lamtoro leaf, T2 = wafer containing lamtoro and papaya leaf, T3 = wafer containing moringa leaf, T4 = wafer containing gamal leaf, T5= wafer containing corn leaf and corn. Nutrient content and digestibility of T1 had highest compared among the others, i.e. crude protein (32.34%), ash (7.24%), crude fiber (16.85%), crude fat (4.52%), NFE (39.06 cal/g), digestibility of dry matter 82.87 %, digestibility of organic matter 81.78%, NH 3 9.33% and VFA 164.55%. The second steps of this research was the best result of the nutrient content and digestibility of wafer of feed supplements tested to bali calves. Level of wafer containing lamtoro leaf ,i.e R1 =0%, R2 =5%, R3 =10%, R4=15%. The result indicated that treatments had significant effect (P<0.05) on daily weight gain. It was concluded that bali calves were fed by wafer of feed supplement with level 10% had 69% higher than conventional.

The study to evaluate growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites profile and meat fatty acid of Bali cattle treated with 3 different types of rations were conducted using a completely randomized block design with 4 replications. Ration treatments were R1: 40% native grass (NG) + 60% concentrate, R2: 40% NG + 60% concentrate supplemented with 5% soybean oil calcium soap (SOCS), and R3: (40% NG + 60% concentrate supplemented with 5% SOCS + 10% cashew fruit flour (CFF). Variables measured were growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood metabolites, and meat fatty acid profile. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between treatment means were examined by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results of the study showed that the 3 different feed treatments did not have any significant effect on dry matter intake and organic matter intake, daily body weight gain, feed efficiency, crude fiber, ADF and NDF digestibilities, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total fatty acid contents and content of unsaturated and saturated meat fatty acids of Bali cattle meat. Different treatment rations also did not affect dry matter digestibility, however the treatments significantly affect the organic matter, crude protein, and fat digestibility (P<0.05). Bali cattle fed 5% SOCS (R2) and 5% SOCS + 10% CFF (R3) had higher organic matter and ether extract digestibilities and linoleic acid content of meat (P<0.05) compared with the control (R1). The Bali cattle fed with R1 and R2 had higher crude protein digestibility (P<0.05) compared with that of R3. It is concluded that the supplementation of 5% SOCS and 10% CFF in the ration improved the digestibility of organic matter, ether extract and linoleic fatty acids content in Bali cattle meat.