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A fast noninterpolation method for calculating displacement of digital speckle images with subpixel precision was introduced. In this method, the precise displacement is obtained from phase shifts of spatial frequency spectra of two digital speckle images instead of digital correlation calculation. First, digital speckle images before and after displacement are windowed and fast Fourier transform is performed. Then, phase shifts of different spatial frequencies are linearly fitted in spectral space using the least square method, and a coarse displacement value is directly calculated according to the phase shift theorem of Fourier transform. By a window technique and iterative procedure, the influence of finite image size on the accuracy of the results is eliminated, and the accurate displacement is obtained finally. It is significant that the method obtains the subpixel-precision displacement without any interpolation operations. The test results show that the method has high computing efficiency, high precision, and good robustness to low image quality.

We proposed a new family of noncoaxial Gauss-truncated Bessel beams through multiplying conventional symmetrical Bessel beams by a noncoaxial Gauss function. These beams can also be regarded as the exponential-truncated version of Bessel-Gauss beams since they can be transformed into the product of Bessel-Gauss beams and an exponential window function along a certain Cartesian axis. The closed-form solutions of the angular spectra and paraxial propagation of these beams were derived. These beams have asymmetrical intensity distributions and carry the same orbit angular momentum per photon as the corresponding Bessel-Gauss beams. While propagating along the z axis, the mth (m≠0) noncoaxial Bessel-Gauss beams rotate their intensity distributions and the mth-order vortex at the beam center has a transverse shift along the direction perpendicular to the offset axis. Depending on the product of the transverse scalar factor of the Bessel beams and the offset between the Gaussian window function and the center of the Bessel beams, the noncoaxial Bessel-Gauss beams can produce unit vortices with opposite signs in pairs during propagation.

A novel multiwavelength Raman fiber laser based on the mixed-cascaded Stokes effects of phosphosilicate fiber is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. By using stimulated Raman scattering of both P(2)O(5) and SiO(2) along 1 km phosphosilicate fiber pumped with a 1064 nm double-clad fiber laser, the mixed-cascaded Raman linear cavity is formed by a pair of fiber Bragg gratings at 1239 nm, a polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) Sagnac loop filter, and a conventional optical loop mirror. Up to 15-wavelength stable oscillations around 1320 nm are obtained with a wavelength spacing of 0.44 nm and power nonuniformity of less than 4 dB. By changing the length of the PMF in the Sagnac loop filter from 10 to 5.5 m, the wavelength spacing is adjustable from 0.44 to 0.8 nm. The extinction ratio of the laser is more than 30 dB. Excellent stability is also observed with a peak power fluctuation of less than 0.8 dB in 1 h.

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