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Over the past two decades, researchers and practitioners have given considerable attention to issues of tourism value chain governance. To establish a systematic understanding of the current research contributions and gaps, this study provides a review of published studies on the topic. Various dimensions of tourism value chain governance, namely, policy, destination management and marketing, integration of distribution channels, and sustainability of the tourism value chain, are examined. Content analysis is used to provide quantitative evidence and hence a more objective evaluation. The results show that research on tourism value chain governance remains limited, and the development of each dimension unbalanced. An agenda for future research is proposed, given the indications that both qualitative and quantitative investigations are needed to establish the most appropriate governance models for tourism value chains.

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Relational norms are often used to govern interfirm relationships. However, an emerging stream of work has identified their potential “dark sides.” This study examines why and when the benefits or drawbacks occur. Based on a survey of tourism enterprises in China, an integrative model composed of relational norms, commitment, relationship performance (including collaborative innovation and opportunistic behavior), and substitutability is confirmed. The results show that the effectiveness of relational norms depends on the partner’s commitment types and the contexts in which those norms are embedded. Although relational norms promote collaborative innovation through both the calculative and affective commitment, they are likely to foster the partner’s opportunistic behavior through calculative commitment. The substitutability of a tourism enterprise is found to influence the strength of the relationships between relational norms and the two types of commitment. These findings offer important implications for tourism businesses.

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