BackgroundDue to the activity of GSTs in the detoxification of oxidative stress products, deletion polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 may contribute to susceptibility to T2DM, since B-cells express very low levels of antioxidant enzymes. Recently, some studies have shown an association between GSTM1-null/GSTT1-null genotypes and an increased susceptibility to T2DM. A relationship between these polymorphisms and changes in the clinical parameters of diabetic patients has also been investigated. However, the results diverge considerably among the studies. Thus, this case-control study was designed to contribute to existing knowledge, as there are no studies on this issue performed in the Brazilian population.Methods and FindingsA total of 120 patients and 147 healthy individuals were included in this study. GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion polymorphisms were genotyped by multiplex SYBR Green Real-Time PCR. The GSTT1-null genotype conferred a 3.2-fold increased risk to T2DM relative to the present genotype. There was no association between GSTM1-null and T2DM risk. In diabetic patients, GSTT1-null conferred higher levels of triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol, while GSTM1-null was associated with increased levels of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and blood pressure. We emphasized a necessity for applying log-linear analysis in order to explore an interaction between these polymorphisms properly.ConclusionThese results suggest that the GSTT1 polymorphism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM in the Brazilian population. This gene could then be added to a set of genetic markers to identify individuals with an increased risk for developing T2DM and complications associated with dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. Although there was no association of GSTM1 deletion polymorphism with susceptibility to T2DM, the influence of this polymorphism on important clinical parameters related to glycemia and blood pressure levels was verified. This finding suggests that both GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null may contribute to the clinical course of T2DM patients.
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma doença multifatorial, caracterizada pela hiperglicemia crônica associada à adoção de estilos de vida, como o sedentarismo, dieta inadequada e, sobretudo a obesidade. O controle glicêmico constitui a principal meta no tratamento do paciente diabético para a prevenção das complicações clínicas, com destaque para a doença cardiovascular. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer o perfil dos pacientes com DM2 atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás quanto ao nível de controle glicêmico. Foram avaliadas variáveis demográficas, clínicas e de estilo de vida em 120 pacientes. Os dados demonstram maior proporção de pacientes do sexo feminino (69%) e média de idade de 60,5 anos. Nas variáveis clínicas observamos tempo médio de acometimento pela doença de 14 anos, alto percentual de pacientes com alterações na taxa de hemoglobina glicada, glicemia de jejum, IMC e perfil lipídico. Quanto ao estilo de vida dos pacientes foi verificado que 4,2% permaneceram tabagistas após o diagnóstico da doença. A maioria dos indivíduos apresentaram dificuldade em seguir a dieta e praticar exercícios físicos regularmente. Estes achados apontam uma situação preocupante que demanda esforços para aumentar a adesão dos pacientes ao plano de tratamento, principalmente no que se refere a mudanças no estilo de vida. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, Controle glicêmico, Perfil lipídico, Estilo de vida, Hospital universitário.
Contagem de carboidratos, estado nutricional e perfil metabólico em adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 Carbohydrate counting, nutritional status and metabolic profile of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Resumo: A nefropatia diabética (ND) é uma complicação crônica microvascular frequente no paciente diabético. A obtenção de um controle glicêmico próximo da normalidade, o tratamento rigoroso da hipertensão arterial e o das dislipidemias tem sido medidas usadas para a prevenção de ND. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade de uma cartilha educativa que continha informações para pacientes com diabetes para a promoção e prevenção da ND. A cartilha educativa foi distribuída à 200 pacientes no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Uma análise detalhada dos dados foi feita e a cartilha mostrou-se aplicável para a prevenção primária na ND. A prevenção primária protege indivíduos susceptíveis de desenvolver esta complicação comum do diabetes. Palavras-Chave: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, prevenção primária, nefropatia diabética Education in diabetic nephropathy: applicability of an educational booklet Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic microvascular complication common in diabetic patients. The attainment of normal glycemic control, the rigorous treatment of hypertension and dyslipidemia has been used measures for the prevention of DN. The present study aimed to evaluate the applicability of an educational booklet that contained information for patients with diabetes about promotion and prevention of DN. The booklet was given to 200 patients in the Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Goiás. A detailed analysis of the data was made and the booklet revealed applicable for primary prevention in the DN. Primary prevention protects individuals likely to develop this common complication of diabetes.
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