Les auteurs analysent les résultats d'une quarantaine de synthèses de recherches anglo-saxonnes conduites principalement dans les écoles primaires et secondaires. Il en ressort que la documentation scientifique contemporaine en enseignement accorde une importance très grande à la compétence en gestion de la classe comme variable susceptible de favoriser l'apprentissage des élèves. À la lecture de ces travaux, il apparaît que l'apprentissage des élèves ne peut plus être abordé en relation aux seules dimensions didactiques et qu'en conséquence, la gestion de classe semble de plus en plus au coeur de « l'effet enseignant ».The authors present an analysis of forty research reviews, written in English, which report work conducted in primary and secondary schools. They point out that conte,porary scientific research in teaching places much importance on classroom management competence as a variable that facilitates students' learning. They note that student learning can no longer be examined only in relation to didactic dimensions and, as a result, classroom management is seen as central to teacher effect on learning.Los autores analizan los resultados de aproximadamente cuarenta sintesis de investigaciones anglosajonas llevadas a cabo principalmente en escuelas primarias y secun- darias. Se concluye que la documentacion cientifica contemporânea sobre la ensenanza da mucha importancia a la competencia en gestion de la clase, considerada esta como variable suceptible de favorizar el aprendizaje de los alumnos. A la vista de esos trabajos, pareceria que el aprendizaje de los alumnos no puede ser abordado solamente desde una dimension didactica y que, en cosecuencia, la gestion de la clase parece estar de mas en mas, en el centro del "efecto docente".Die Autoren analysieren die Resultate von ca. 40 Forschungsvorhaben aus dem angelsâchsischen Raum, die vorwiegend im Grund- und Sekundarschulbereich durchgefûhrt worden sind. Daraus geht hervor, dass die gegenwârtige wissenschaftliche Literatur zu Fragen der Schulpraxis sehr grofies Gewicht auf die Klassenleitung als einer wichtigen Variablen im Lernprozess legt. Eine genauere Lektiire dieser Arbeiten macht deutlich, dass der Lernprozess der Schiller nicht ausschliefilich in Zusammenhang mit didaktischen Dimensionen gesehen werden kann. Die Klassenleitung ist von essentieller Bedeutung fur den "LernefFekt"
RESUMO:Este artigo visa a mostrar que a escola é uma instituição cultural no sentido pleno do termo e que os professores são seus principais atores. A demonstração desta asserção repousa sobre três argumentos principais: a) a cultura não se reduz a uma soma de conhecimentos; b) os professores têm a incumbência de velar cotidianamente pela aprendizagem cultural de seus alunos; c) os professores são intelectuais, ou seja, depositários, intérpretes e críticos da cultura.Palavras-chave: Professor. Intelectual. Escola. Cultura.
THE TEACHER AND HIS MANDATE: MEDATIOR, HEIR, INTERPRETER, CRITICABSTRACT: The point of this article is to show that schools are cultural institutions, in the full sense of the term, where teachers are the most important actors. This assertion relies on three main points: a) culture does not boil down to the sum of someone's knowledge; b) teachers have the daily mandate of making sure their students receive cultural information; c) teachers are intellectuals, i.e., they convey, interpret and analyze culture.
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