RESUMO:Este artigo visa a mostrar que a escola é uma instituição cultural no sentido pleno do termo e que os professores são seus principais atores. A demonstração desta asserção repousa sobre três argumentos principais: a) a cultura não se reduz a uma soma de conhecimentos; b) os professores têm a incumbência de velar cotidianamente pela aprendizagem cultural de seus alunos; c) os professores são intelectuais, ou seja, depositários, intérpretes e críticos da cultura.Palavras-chave: Professor. Intelectual. Escola. Cultura. THE TEACHER AND HIS MANDATE: MEDATIOR, HEIR, INTERPRETER, CRITICABSTRACT: The point of this article is to show that schools are cultural institutions, in the full sense of the term, where teachers are the most important actors. This assertion relies on three main points: a) culture does not boil down to the sum of someone's knowledge; b) teachers have the daily mandate of making sure their students receive cultural information; c) teachers are intellectuals, i.e., they convey, interpret and analyze culture.

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Le présent article esquisse les grands traits d une problématique et d un cadre socio-historique à l intérieur desquels s articulent certains facteurs susceptibles de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de l évolution des personnels scolaires, des programmes de formation et des institutions chargées de les dispenser, tant dans le secteur catholique que dans le secteur protestant du système scolaire québécois.

Deux périodes marquent l'histoire de l'orientation scolaire et professionnelle au Québec entre 1930 et 1960. De 1930 à 1945, les promoteurs de l'orientation scolaire et professionnelle s'efforcent d'asseoir le métier sur des bases scientifiques, en créant les premiers instituts spécialisés et en délimitant les conceptions qui alimentent la pratique de cette profession. La nécessité de gérer efficacement le capital humain occupe alors une place prépondérante. La période suivante, 1945-1960, voit progressivement ces nouveaux spécialistes que sont les conseillers en orientation s'implanter dans les écoles. Toutefois, cet ancrage de la profession dans les institutions scolaires est encore timide, les tâches du conseiller en orientation demeurent ambiguës et sa présence semble heurter les prérogatives des autres agents scolaires.Between 1930 and 1960, the history of career advising in Quebec can be divided into two periods. During the first (1930-1945), the promotors of vocational guidance created private schools and defined a conceptual apparatus, in an effort to establish the profession on a scientific basis. The need to manage human capital efficiently seems to have been the main preoccupation here. Between 1945 and 1960, the new specialists in guidance gradually found a place in the public schools. The profession's foothold in the schools remained tenuous, however, and the new counsellors, whose functions were not yet clearly defined, faced the mistrust of other school employees