Integrated coastal zone management is a term banded about as a panacea to environmental degradation of the foreshore. This article provides a basic introduction to ICZM and considers the fundamental principles upon which this management regime is based. In particular, the difficulties in defining sustainable development, as the grundnorm for ICZM, are discussed.
In November 2001, a new weapon was added to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation's2arsenal used to protect and preserve the world's cultural heritage, in the form of the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage.3This Convention, while not yet in force, will complement UNESCO's three other heritage conventions, the 1954 Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Event of Armed Conflict,4the 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1971)5and the 1972 Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.6
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