Introduction: HIV/AIDS Infection is one of the commonly encountered illness in our setup. It causes morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the number of HIV-infected patients has increased dramatically in the past decade. Current study aimed to record serum albumin level in patients suffering from HIV infection. Material and methods: A total of 175 subjects were studied over a period of 3 months. History and examination were done according to the proforma after taking written informed consent. Routine investigations included CD 4 Count and LFT. All data were entered in the master chart and analysed using SPSS Version 20 software Results: Out of 175 subjects majority were in age group of 41 to 50 years (30.4%) with mean age around 42 years and 101 subjects were males (57.7%). Low serum albumin was found in 67.2% of subjects. 12% of the subjects had CD 4 Count of less than 100 and among subjects with CD 4 Count of less than 100, 76% of the subjects had low serum albumin which was statistically significant with p value of 0.003. Conclusion: From the study can conclude that in HIV /AIDS patients serum albumin levels correlate with CD 4 counts and can be used as a marker of immune suppression.

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has posed a constant challenge to mankind in its treatment due to increasing resistance and longer duration of treatment. The newer approach is to look towards strengthening host immune system along with suppressing the organism. Aim of the study was to assess the existence of Vitamin D deficiency in TB patients and aid in the strategies and development of newer improvised approaches in the treatment of TB. Objectives of the study was to estimate vitamin D levels in Tuberculosis (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) patients, assess Correlation between vitamin D and   pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess correlation between Vitamin D and extrapulmonary Tuberculosis.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study consisted of 80 tuberculosis patients both extrapulmonary and pulmonary. Blood samples was analysed for Vitamin D levels and results were compared with age and sex matched controls. Results was analysed using SPSS software.Results: The cases included patient in the age group of 18-60 year with the mean age being 42.34±14.65 year. Of the 80 tuberculosis patients 42 were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and 38 constituted extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The mean Vitamin D in cases was 24.82±12.33 and controls was 34.41±6.19. Among the cases 25 (31.3%) subjects had Vitamin D levels <20 pg/ml and none of the controls had levels <20 pg/ml. The mean Vitamin D level in pulmonary Tb patients was found to be 24.29±11.86 pg/ml and Extra-pulmonary Tb was 25.40±12.96 pg/ml. The unpaired t-test was statistically significant with p value of 0.005.Conclusions: This study has emphasized on the presence of nutritional deficiency in TB patients and necessity to correct them to achieve a better cure rate.

Background: The emergency department represents an important platform for conducting drug utilization studies as patients present with a wide spectrum of diseases in acute form. An irrational prescription adversely affects the prognosis and recovery of patients. Hence, the objective of our study was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern and to determine the rationality of prescription using WHO prescribing indicators in emergency medicine ward. Methods: After obtaining Institutional Ethical Committee approval, a prospective observational study was conducted over 2 months. The case records of 150 patients admitted to the emergency medicine ward, with a hospital stay of more than 24hrs were reviewed to analyze the prescription pattern during the initial 48hrs of admission. Case records of patients irrespective of age, sex and diagnosis were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results (SPSS version 20).Results: A total of 1014 drugs were prescribed from 150 case records with a mean age of 47±18 years. An average of 6.76 drugs was prescribed per prescription; percentage of encounters with at least an antimicrobial was 115 (76.66%). Injections were prescribed in all patients (100%) and only 416 (41.02%) drugs were prescribed by generic name and 657 (64.79%) drugs abided to the WHO essential drug list. Majority of patients received antiulcerogenic drugs followed by antimicrobials. Conclusions: There was a tendency of polypharmacy with overuse of PPIs and antimicrobials. There is need to rationalize the drug therapy in terms of increasing prescription of drugs from essential drug list by generic name.

BACKGROUND:The study was designed to explore lipid profile and electrocardiographic changes associated with thyroid dysfunctions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 patients of thyroid dysfunction having either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism were investigated with lipid profiles and electrocardiogram (ECG). RESULTS: Out of the 50 patients, 27(54%) were suffering from hypothyroidism, while hyperthyroidism was present in 23(46%). Female: male ratio was 1.7:1. Mean cholesterol and LDL was higher in hypothyroid patients. Maximum number of hypothyroid patients (76%) had either borderline high (27.92%) or high (48.14%) serum cholesterol. 91.3% of the 23 hyperthyroid patients had serum cholesterol levels <200 mg%. In hypothyroidism sinus bradycardia is the most common electrocardiographic findings and sinus tachycardia is most commonly seen in hyperthyroidism. CONCLUSION: Total and LDL cholesterol is significantly high in hypothyroid patients. Commonest electrocardiographic findings in hypothyroidism is sinus bradycardia whereas in hyperthyroid patients it is sinus tachycardia followed by atrial fibrillation

Background: Although the prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, the prevalence of type 2 DM is rising more rapidly, because of sedentary lifestyle, increasing obesity   and increased life expectancy. Objectives: To study correlation between fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels and Carotid artery intimal medial thickness (CIMT) in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Material and Methods: This cross sectional observation study was done in Department of General Medicine, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India during January 2019 to June 2020.   Sample size was 50 and Simple Random sampling method was used. Results: The mean carotid IMT of subjects with postprandial triglycerides < 200 with normal fasting triglyceride was 0.92±0.33.  The  mean  carotid  IMT  of  subjects with  postprandial  triglyceride  200-299 with  normal  fasting  triglyceride  was 1.52±0.57. The mean carotid IMT of subjects with postprandial triglycerides ≥300 with normal fasting triglycerides was 1.66±0.45. Conclusion: postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, despite normal fasting triglyceride levels, may be an independent risk factor for early atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. Hence evaluating not only for FTG but also PPTG level during clinical assessment of patients with type 2 diabetes is important.