The usage of integrated indicators is an essential characteristic for development program implementation of Russian higher education, including the competitiveness improvement program. The competitiveness improvement program is a project of the Government of theRussian Federationaimed at significantly increasing the competitive position of leading Russian universities in the global market for educational services and research programs (Project 5-100). Different groups of program participants face different positive and negative aspects of this management tool. One of the risks bound up with focusing on indicators is often called the mismatch of the indicator system focused on the international model of universities, and the role of universities as drivers for the regions’ development and sectors of the Russian economy. This risk requires a systematic assessment.The purpose of this study was to systematize the events of changing and using the indicator system in the program at various levels of management, taking into account the general context in which the program is implemented, to compare them with the indicators of individual universities and create an information basis for further comparison with university practices. Two universities of the 5-100 program, which have a strong tradition of working with both basic and high-tech industries, were selected as reference universities for a preliminary analysis.An important part of this study apparatus was the historical comparison method of changes in the indicator system in dynamics.

This consensus statement of Russian experts is based on a review of the relevant literature on the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of non-thrombotic and post-thrombotic venous obstruction, as well as management of patients after venous stenting. In the Part 1 we discussed the clinical manifestations of venous obstruction, the role of duplex ultrasound scan, CT venography, MR venography, direct venography, and intravascular ultrasound scan, as well as typical findings obtained by using these methods. The authors mentioned the functional assessment of venous outflow in healthy subjects and in those with obstruction and changes in them after the intervention. In conclusion, the authors formulated the suggestions for clinical recommendations on the diagnosis of chronic venous obstruction.

Изложена краткая история становления образовательных организаций высшего образования за трехсотлетнюю историю российской высшей школы, показано участие европейской научной школы и её лучших представителей в становлении российского образования и науки, раскрыты особенности сотрудничества российских образовательных учреждений с западными вузами в областях науки, образования, студенческого обмена. Авторы обращают внимание на вклад великих ученых России в развитие мировой науки. Проведены конкретные примеры по реализации Проекта 5-100 в целях повышения конкурентоспособности ведущих российских университетов до уровня ведущих мировых научно-образовательных центров.

Highlights. Ultrasound and MR venography of internal jugular veins in case of unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia or extrinsic stenosis enables noninvasively and without contrast agents differentiation of these conditions due to local and region-specific indicators, including the area and velocity of blood flow, arterial-venous balance, visualization of low blood flow, compression factor, and the overall clinical picture of venous network of the neck remodeling and the development of collateral circulation.Aim. To compare the visual and hemodynamic characteristics of ultrasound and magnetic resonance venography of extrinsic stenosis and hypoplasia of internal jugular veins (IJV).Methods. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance (MR) venography were performed in 47 patients with extrinsic stenosis and 23 patients with hypoplasia of one of internal jugular veins, and in the control group (30 patients).Results. In case of obvious vein compression and deformation and local stenosis (65% on average), there is a decrease in the vein cross-sectional area by 2 times compared with the contralateral vein, the blood flow velocity in the stenotic vein in acute cases increases (on average, up to 45 cm/s), and in chronic cases it significantly (p = 0.00001) decreases (to 13 cm/s on average). The criteria for hypoplasia are the small caliber of the vein (on average 0.22 cm², within the range of 0.13–0.46 cm²) throughout its entire length - with the cross-sectional area not exceeding that of the common carotid artery, and the vein being 4 times smaller than IJV on contralateral side, as well as a significant (p = 0.0006) velocity increase on the contralateral side (on average 40.9±12.52 cm/s) with normal velocity in the hypoplastic vein. Ultrasound assessment of the arterial-venous balance (AVB) makes it possible to evaluate the contribution of each IJV to the outflow of venous blood from the brain separately. From the hypoplastic side it was only 11.01±6.72%, and from the stenotic side it was 18.22±17 42% on average, which is significantly (p = 0.000001) below the norm, but does not allow us to differentiate these conditions. The total AVB for IJVs on both sides was within normal values (65–85%), and the absence of a pronounced expansion of the vertebral veins during MR venography confirms their insignificant role in the compensatory mechanisms of ensuring adequate outflow of venous blood from the brain in cases of unilateral hypoplasia and extrinsic stenosis of IJV.Conclusion. Ultrasound and MR venography of internal jugular veins in cases of unilateral hypoplasia or extrinsic stenosis enable noninvasively and without contrast agents differentiation of these conditions due to local and region-specific indicators, including the area and velocity of blood flow, arterial-venous balance, visualization of low blood flow, compression factor, and the overall clinical picture of venous network of the neck remodeling and the development of collateral circulation.

The review examines the organization of specialized medical care for victims having burn injury in Primorsky Region. Thermal injury continues to occupy a significant place in the structure of domestic and industrial injuries in the Russian Federation. Every year, more than 300 calls about patients having thermal damage are received in Primorsky Region TCDM. For five years (from 2017 to 2021), specialists of the Primorsky TCDM made 178 visits to regional medical institutions, 160 seriously burned people were delivered to the specialized department by ground and air transport. There is still a need for round-the-clock collection of medical and sanitary information about the severely burned patients in medical institutions of Primorsky Territory and the organization of interaction with a specialized department. The Regional TCDM organized timely evacuation of patients having deep thermal traumas to the burn unit of FEDMC. It allowed performing surgical treatment tactics, including effective early removal of necrotic tissues. An analysis of appeals to the dispatcher's office of the Territorial Center for Disaster Medicine regarding severe thermal injury, as well as a statistical analysis of victims from remote areas of the Primorsky Territory delivered to the burn department in Vladivostok were conducted. It is emphasized that timely transportation of patients having severe burn injuries is the first step in the system of active treatment of victims which allows conducting early surgical treatment and reducing the number of complications, and improving treatment results.