This study was conducted to determine the role of culture shock as a mediator between personality reformers and sojourner adjustment. The quantitative research design was used in this study of Muslim students from the Pattani province in Southern Thailand who were studying in Bandung. Respondents involved in this study were 225 people selected using saturated sampling techniques. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires containing 3 measuring tools that have been modified by the author including reformer personality scale, sojourner adjustment scale, and culture shock scale. Data analysis using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). This study concludes that the theoretical model of the role of reformer personality on sojourner adjustment through cultural shock mediators is fit with empirical data. Structural analysis shows that cultural shock is a significant mediator variable on the influence of reformer personality on sojourner adjustment.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze student learning difficulties in a neuropsychological perspective. The approach of this research is quantitative descriptive. Data was collected through library studies. The source of information is the City Library of Sukabumi. Based on understanding, study and descriptive analysis, in this study it was found that the factors that influence student achievement in PELITA Gunungpuyuh PAUD, Sukabumi City so that it is suspected to be the cause of Minimal Brain Disfunction (DMO) are: 1) Trauma, which is very external trauma , from the worst (car crash) to the lightest (falling from the bed). There are 3 terms for trauma to the brain, namely concussion (concussion), cerebral hemorrhage (contusion), and torn brain (laceration); 2) Vascular accidents, namely the occurrence of blockage or rupture of the cerebral blood vessels; 3) Tumors, tumors in the brain, symptoms that appear sometimes seem mild (headaches, impaired vision), but if they do, the consequences can be fatal; 4) Degenerative diseases, namely diseases that cause deterioration, such as Alzheimer's dementia, etc.; 5) Nutritional deficiencies (malnutrition); 6) Poisoning, which can cause a person to delirium (delirium).                                                                                                                 Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kesulitan-kesulitan belajar siswa dalam perspektif neuropsikologi. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan. Sumber informasi adalah Perpustakaan Kota Sukabumi. Berdasarkan pemahaman, kajian dan analisis deskriptif, dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa di PAUD PELITA Gunungpuyuh, Kota Sukabumi sehingga diduga menjadi penyebab Disfungsi Minimal Otak (DMO) adalah: 1) Trauma, yang dimaksud dengan trauma sangat luar, mulai paling parah (tabrakan mobil) hingga yang paling ringan (jatuh dari tempat tidur). Ada 3 istilah untuk trauma pada otak, yaitu gegar otak (concussion), pendarahan otak (contusion), dan robek otak (laceration); 2) Vascular accidents, yaitu terjadinya penyumbatan atau pecahnya pembuluh darah otak; 3) Tumor, tumor di otak, gejala yang ditampil kadang-kadang terkesan ringan (sakit kepala, gangguan penglihatan), tapi kalau memang ada, akibatnya dapat fatal; 4) Penyakit degeneratif, yaitu penyakit yang menyebabkan terjadinya kemunduran, misalnya dementia jenis Alzheimer, dan lain-lain; 5) Defisiensi nutrisi (kurang gizi); 6) Keracunan, yang dapat menyebabkan seseorang mengigau (delirium).

Social and cultural changes impact advances in Science and Technology (IPTEK) that occur at any time, especially in communication and information technology. As a result, these advances occurred in community activities in the fields of economy, law, politics, education, and others. This study aims to analyse how the management of improving the quality of Islamic Education (hereafter, PAI) learning in entering socio-cultural changes at two different state senior high schools in Sukabumi City, West Java. This article used a phenomenological study as the research design. Interviews and observations were conducted to collect the data. After that, the data was analysed using three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification/interpretation. Based on the research focus on PAI learning management in entering socio-cultural changes in those two schools, the results of the research, in general, can be concluded that PAI teachers at those schools have understood and implemented PAI learning management in entering the socio-cultural change in accordance with applicable techniques and theories so that the learning process is conducive even though the results have not reached a very satisfactory target.

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