Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) is an ornamental plant that has been cultivated for a long time to obtain wood or camphor. Furthermore, its essential oil can be used as an alternative medicine and is an important source of perfume. Camphor obtained from camphor trees has long been used as a treatment for various symptoms such as inflammation, infection, congestion, muscle pain, and irritation in various regions. The purpose of this literature review is to provide knowledge of the well-established, wide, and extensive applications of camphor both in traditional and modern applications. Despite many studies focused on the essential oil of the camphor tree, there is a lack of systematic studies of its extraction or separation. Besides, various components of camphor are not fully understood, and further research is needed on the medicinal effects of individual components of C. camphor. The genus Cinnamomum has crucial economic value and theoretical significance. However, further systematic reviews and investigative studies based on existing research are needed to promote the modernization process of traditional applications of camphor. For proper use of the essential oil of C. camphora, it is imperative to consider its possible effects on humans and the environment.

A novel bacterial strain designated GJW-30(T) was isolated from soil of the lava forest, Gotjawal, located in Aewol, Jeju, Korea. Strain GJW-30(T) was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-negative and to form pleomorphic, non-motile rods and white colonies on R2A agar. The major fatty acids were identified as C18:1ω7c, C16:0 and C17:0, the predominant isoprenoid quinone as Q-10, the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. The cell-wall sugar pattern of strain GJW-30(T) was found to be composed of glucose, ribose and rhamnose and meso-DAP as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content of strain GJW-30(T) is 62.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain GJW-30(T) forms a deep branch within the order Rhizobiales, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum LMG 10732(T) (93.6 %). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain GJW-30(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Variibacter gotjawalensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type strain is GJW-30(T) = KCTC 32391(T) = CECT 8514(T) = LMG 28093(T)) is proposed.

A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5 T , was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. Cells of strain NKM-5T were Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and oxidase-and catalase-positive. Strain NKM-5 T contained anteiso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysylphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5 T was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B T (96.9 % sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5 T represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NKM-5 T (5KCTC 33634 T 5CECT 8805 T ).

A novel bacterial strain, Back-11 T , was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. Cells of strain Back-11 T were Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and oxidase-and catalase-positive. It contained anteiso-C 15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 45.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11 T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22 T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11 T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Back-11 T (5KCTC 33723 T 5CECT 8890 T ).

A novel bacterial strain designated CB4 T was isolated from soil from the Hallasan, Jeju, Korea. Strain CB4 T was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and formed creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 , and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine and alanine as the diagnostic amino acids and phosphatidyl-Nmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4 T was 46.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4 T forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562 T (96.5 %). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4 T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CB4 T (5KCTC 33505 T 5CECT 8566 T ). An emended description of the genus Aneurinibacillus is also proposed.Bacillus aneurinolyticus represented first as a new thiamindecomposing bacterium (Aoyama, 1952) and has been revived as described by Shida et al. (1994). The genus Aneurinibacillus was proposed as novel genus arising from the reclassification of the Bacillus aneurinilyticus and related species of the genus Bacillus (Shida et al., 1996). At the time of writing, the genus Aneurinibacillus is composed of five species: Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus (Shida et al., 1994(Shida et al., , 1996Heyndrickx et al., 1997) the major cellular fatty acids are iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 ; and the DNA G+C content ranges from 42.9 to 46.7 mol% (Shida et al., 1994, Goto et al., 2004.Hallasan is the tallest mountain (1,950 m above sea level) in South Korea and is located on the southernmost island of the Korean Peninsula. The soil of Hallasan, a young volcanic mountain of the fourth Cenozoic era, is derived from volcanic ash. Hallasan has special scientific importance due to its diverse vegetation. Strain CB4 T was isolated during an investigation into the bacterial diversity of mountain soil of the Hallasan. On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis we show that the new bacterium isolated from mountain soil belongs to the genus Aneurinibacillus and represents a novel species.A soil sample was collected from Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. A portion of 1 g of soil was diluted serially in sterile distilled water and 100 ml of each dilution was spread on R2A agar (BD). Plates were incubated aerobically at 25 u C for 4 weeks. A strain, designated CB4 T , was isolated from a single colony and purified by subculturing on the same medium. The bacterial culture was stored at 270 u C in a water suspension supplemented with 20 % (...