Intensification of work processes of agricultural machinery is a part of important national economic problems of increase of agricultural production. One way to increase intensity is to reduce grain loss when working with combine harvesters on slopes of fields. In the lateral pitch of the harvester there is redistribution of the grain heap on the screen width and cleaning sieves. The diagram of linear distribution density of the grain heap on the screen width and cleaning sieves is transformed from a uniform type of rectangle to irregular: the type of triangle, trapeze without a shift or with a shift in the direction of the pitch. We have large losses of grain, because of the uneven linear distribution density of the grain heap on the screen width and sieves. The article offers various methods and devices, which have certain advantages and disadvantages, to reduce grain loss. One of the promising directions to reduce grain loss is the dynamic method, which uses a specific device as a set of hinged-lever units. However, one of the major drawbacks of these devices is the equality of oscillation frequency of the longitudinal and lateral pitch. The adopted working hypothesis and studies of the process kinematics and dynamics will define the main structural and technological parameters of the cam mechanism to align the linear distribution density of the grain heap on the screen width and sieves.

Furrow formation is one of the most labor-intensive operations in potato cultivation technology. The article discusses the justification and determination of furrower parameters of the potato planter. Analytical dependences of the height of the junction point of the disks and the width of the furrow bottom are obtained, taking into account the technological parameters, its design features and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. Potatoes are planted in the usual way. The main row spacing in our country is 70 cm. However, in areas of high humidity and in irrigated areas, wide-row planting with a row spacing of 90 cm is used. In some areas of the European part, in arid areas, potatoes are planted with a row spacing of 60 cm. By the time of harvesting, the potato field has a ridged appearance, obtained as a result of hilling, where the height of the ridges is 11…20 cm. The angle of the row seed drills is that the vanishing point of the coulter rises above the bottom of the furrow by 6.3 cm. With an increase in the angle of entry of the coulter into the soil from 2° to 11°, the depth of the coulter travel increases. At angle values from 3° to 8°, the stroke depth approaches the optimum (12…18 cm).

The efficiency of the agricultural sector, and in particular the production of crop products, to a greater extent depends on the cost of the products obtained, which can be reduced, taking into account the factors affecting the technical, economic and operational indicators. Every year, the demand for small-sized tillage equipment, which is a real assistant for gardeners when working on their backyard plots, is growing. But in order to increase the functionality of the equipment and the quality of soil preparation for sowing, it is necessary to conduct research on the possibility of using various additional working bodies for the walk-behind tractor. The aim of the research is to develop and study the design of an active roller for a walk-behind tractor, which allows high-quality preparation of the soil for sowing. To solve the set tasks, the mechanical system of a slatted-spiral roller for a walk-behind tractor is considered. The number of degrees of freedom, the kinematic connection and the position of the mechanical system in the inertial frame of reference associated with the walk-behind tractor have been determined. Taking into account some assumptions, neglecting the small values of some variables, on the basis of the Lagrange equation of the second kind, a differential equation of motion for generalized coordinates is compiled. To solve the differential equation of motion, the kinetic energy of the system is calculated, which is determined as the sum of the kinetic energies of the frame and the roller. The expression for determining the kinetic energy of the system depends on the axial and centrifugal moments of inertia, mass, angular and linear speeds of the frame and roller. The expressions obtained make it possible to substantiate the main rational design and technological parameters of a slatted-spiral roller for a walk-behind tractor

The article considers a dispenser-distributor with soil-transporting elements, substantiates and determines its technological and design parameters. As a result of the theoretical studies carried out, analytical dependences were obtained to determine the diameter of the disk of the soil dispenser-distributor, the height of the soil-transporting element and the volume of soil required to cover potato tubers. The results of work in the field of theory and calculation of potato planters are systematized and generalized, analytical dependences are obtained to determine the main design and technological parameters of the soil dispenser-distributor of the potato planter. Based on literary sources, to obtain digital values, we chose the row spacing (70 cm), the distance between tubers (25 cm), the weight of the tuber is average (55 ... 60 g), the width at the bottom of the furrow, equal to the width of the nest, is the smallest (0 06…0.07 m), tuber planting depth (0.19 m), potato fraction – seed (50…80 g), operating speed – within (2.9…9 km/h). According to the calculations, the following results were obtained: the diameter of each disc (D=35…40 cm), the height of the soil-transporting element (hpe = 0.025 m) and the volume of soil (Ω= 0.004 m3) required to cover potato tubers.