Saat ini Indonesia sedang memasuki era Bonus Demografi. Namun untuk dapat meraihnya, terdapat tantangan besar yang harus dihadapi yaitu kebutuhan akan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang unggul dan berdaya saing. Hal ini juga menjadi tantangan dalam menyongsong era Bonus Demografi kedua seiring meningkatnya jumlah lanjut usia. Terkait dengan persyaratan tersebut, kajian ini memberikan gambaran kondisi lanjut usia dan capaian parameter demografi provinsi di era Bonus Demografi. Sumber data kajian adalah Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) Tahun 2019, dan hasil proyeksi penduduk Survei Penduduk Antar Sensus (SUPAS) 2015. Data hasil kajian disajikan secara deksriptif dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Kondisi lanjut usia dilihat dari sosial, ekonomi, dan kesehatan, dan parameter demografi provinsi dilihat dari fertilitas, mortalitas, dan migrasi. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa pada saat era Bonus Demografi, kondisi lanjut usia masih didominasi oleh mereka yang tingkat sosial ekonominya rendah. Dari sisi kesehatan, 26,2 persen lanjut usia mengalami keluhan kesehatan hingga mengganggu aktivitas mereka sehari-hari. Pada tingkat provinsi, beberapa provinsi masih memerlukan peningkatan penanganan fertilitas dan mortalitas. Berbagai upaya perlu dilakukan oleh pemerintah bersama pemangku kepentingan lainnya untuk meningkatkan kondisi lanjut usia melalui pendidikan, ekonomi, dan kesehatan penduduk untuk menjadi lanjut usia dengan masa depan yang lebih berkualitas. Itu sebabnya, penduduk perlu dibekali dengan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan akses untuk persiapan masa tua.

Generasi milenial mempunyai peran strategis untuk keberlangsungan program pengendalian penduduk di Indonesia. Angka kelahiran belum mencapai replacement level (TFR=2,1). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui preferensi fertilitas keluarga yang mempunyai dua anak dan faktor–faktor yang memengaruhinya. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa preferensi fertilitas keluarga milenial sebesar 45 persen menginginkan anak lebih dari dua. Faktor tempat tinggal dan pemakaian kontrasepsi memengaruhi preferensi banyak anak di kalangan keluarga milineal. Faktor utama yang berpengaruh terhadap preferensi fertilitas adalah pemakaian kontrasepsi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah tidak meninggalkan Komunikasi Informasi Edukasi (KIE) dua anak cukup di kalangan milineal.   Kata kunci : Preferensi fertilitas, keluarga milenial, tempat tinggal, pemakaian kontrasepsi

The research on proximate determinants of fertility was carried out based on the condition of fertility in Papua which is still high compared to national figures and the use of modern contraception tends to decrease according to several periods of Indonesian Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social, economic, demographic factors and the proximate determinant of fertility in Papua. This study is a secondary data the 2017 IDHS, analysis using descriptive and multivariate with multiple logistic regression test. The results show that Papuan women’s education has a dominant effect on the duration of marriage and the use of contraception. The higher education level will likely increase the use of contraception and the length of marriage. This can be used as a foothold in the planning and implementation of population control programs, in this case, is the regulation and restrictions on future births. Birth control programs through the Population, Family Planning, and Family Development Program need to synergize with other government programs, especially with the Education Program for Papuan women in planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programs of course. An approach to traditional leaders is needed since customs and traditions greatly affect all aspects of Papuan people’s lives. The traditional leader’s advice and suggestions are very well heard by people. The traditional leader’s communication, information dissemination, and education to program targets really need to be strengthened. This method is certainly implemented by all levels of the program area, but especially in the field lines that are very close to the target.

Birth rate or fertility is one of the elements playing a role in determining the population number and age structure in an area. To maintain stable population growth, it is necessary to strive for a total fertility rate (TFR) of around 2.1 children per woman. DKI Jakarta Province had reached this condition before the 2000 period. But in the next period, there was an increase ranging from 2.2 - 2.3 children per woman. Fertility is affected by various factors, including marriage patterns and contraception usage. This study aims to determine the effect of marriage patterns on fertility in DKI Jakarta Province by using the concept of fertility decomposition. The data used are the results of the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2002/03 and 2017 with the unit of analysis for women aged 15-49 years. The results showed that there was a slight increase in the effect of the marriage pattern on fertility restrictions, from 14% or preventing 1.89 births in the 2002/03 IDHS to 19% or preventing the occurrence of 2.1 births in the 2017 IDHS. in DKI Jakarta Province by 2.2 children per woman in the 2017 IDHS, although there was a sharp decline in the effect of contraceptive use. It is necessary to study the relationship between the pattern of marriage and the use of contraception because these two variables play an important role in determining the fertility rate in DKI Jakarta Province.