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The interaction between colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and lysozyme (Lyz) has been studied through spectroscopic and microscopic measurements, molecular docking simulation and colorimetric measurements to investigate corona formation and the mechanism, affinity, number of sites and stoichiometry of binding. Molecular docking simulation endorses that, at physiological pH, the interaction between basic NH2 group of arginine and citrate ions is predominant than the interaction between citrate ions and the positive surface charge of the bare AuNPs that result in the desorption of citrate ions from Au surfaces and finally, electrostatic interaction between [Formula: see text] group of arginine and positive charge surface of AuNPs results in the adsorption of Lyz on Au surfaces. As observed from Benesi–Hildebrand and fluorescence analyses, the ground state complex formation between Lyz and AuNPs requires several minutes, which is approximately 11 min in the present work to attain stoichiometric ratio 1:1. CD spectra indicate insignificant or no conformational change in the secondary structure of Lyz in the presence of AuNPs. The time variation of LSPR peak position and peak height in the presence of Lyz have been studied extensively through spectroscopic and microscopic measurements. Detailed discussion on the probable time-specific roles of change in local dielectric constant, plasmon coupling and electrostatic interaction on these variations has been presented. Colorimetric change of the AuNPs-Lyz system with time has been analyzed by measuring the red, blue and green color fractions as well as its correlation with the process of corona formation and aggregation has been investigated to propose a novel naked eye colorimetric approach of studying these processes in AuNPs-Lyz system.

A simple wet chemical method has been successfully deployed to synthesize CuO nanoparticles (NPs) by using copper chloride and lithium hydroxide as the precursors. X-ray diffraction study revealed that the synthesized CuO is highly crystalline and pure. The synthesized CuO NPs has very high transparency in the visible region of wavelength. The band gap of the CuO NPs was found to be 1.54 eV.

Stereoselective Zweifel olefination using boronate complexes carrying two different reactive π‐systems was achieved to synthesize vinyl heteroarenes and conjugated 1,3‐dienes in good yield and up to 100% stereoselectivity, which remains unexplored until now. Most importantly, we report the unprecedented formation of E vs. Z‐vinyl heteroarenes for different heteroarenes under identical conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) investigations unveil the mechanistic dichotomy between olefin and heteroarene activation followed by 1,2‐migration, leading to E or Z‐vinyl heteroarenes respectively. We also report a previously unknown reversal of stereoselectivity by using 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) as an electrophile. The Zweifel olefination using a boronate complex that carries two different olefins was previously unexplored due to significant challenges associated with the site‐selective activation of olefins. We have solved this problem and reported the site‐selective activation of olefins for the stereoselective synthesis of 1,3‐dienes.