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An analysis of 2 years of injury surveillance data on female and male high school varsity basketball players gathered by certified athletic trainers at 196 schools around the nation is presented. In contrast to previous reports, the rate of sport-related injury (game and practice combined) was approximately the same for both sexes. The girls had a slightly higher proportion of moderate and major injuries than had the boys. Sprains were the most frequent type of injury for both sexes, and the most frequently injured body part was the ankle. The majority of injuries were new vs reinjuries. The rate of injury was twice as great for game-play as for practice in both sexes. The rate of major injury in game-play was higher for the girls, and these injuries involved the knee 58% of the time. Certain body characteristics and the player's sex were associated with knee and ankle injuries. More injury surveillance studies are needed that contain specific injury diagnoses and data on player fitness, strength, flexibility, body type, and conditioning activities to further delineate the risk of gender-specific injury and highlight the factors that can be controlled.

Abstract. Background: Total joint arthroplasties continue to increase as do periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Ultrasound-guided aspiration can yield useful synovial fluid for analysis while avoiding radiation exposure. This study presents a high-yield, ultrasound-guided technique with analysis of aspiration results. Methods: All consecutive ultrasound-guided aspirations of hip arthroplasties performed from May 2016 through to April 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographic information, component specifics, presence of draining sinus, and inflammatory markers were recorded. Results of aspiration including volume, appearance, lavage use, synovial fluid differential leukocyte count, synovial neutrophil percent, and culture results were recorded. Surgical results, specimen cultures, and surgeon description of purulence were recorded. Aspiration results were compared to the surgical specimen results in all patients who underwent reoperations. Results: Review of 349 hip aspirations demonstrated accuracy of 87 %, sensitivity of 83 %, specificity of 89 %, positive predictive value of 79 %, and negative predictive value 91 %. Surgical and aspiration cultures matched in 81 % of cases. Bloody aspirates and aspirates obtained after lavage had less accuracy at 69 % and 60 %, respectively. Specificity was 100 % for cultures obtained with lavage and 91 % for bloody aspirates. Synovial leukocyte count and neutrophil percentage was obtained in 85 % of aspirations, and cultures were obtained in 98 % of aspirates. Contamination rate was 2 %. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided aspirations aid in the diagnosis of PJI. The use of lavage to obtain fluid is helpful when aspiration cultures are positive. Bloody aspirates are less accurate but have high specificity. A low contamination rate and 88 % accuracy results with this meticulous technique.