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The present study aims to investigate the metabolic effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. However, there is no significant information available regarding the characterization of organic molecules, and metabolites with SWCNT exposure. Noninvasive biofluid methods have improved our understanding of SWCNT metabolism in zebrafish in recent years. Here, we used targeted metabolomics to quantify a set of metabolites within biological systems. SWCNT at various concentrations was given to zebrafish, and the metabolites were extracted using two immiscible solvent systems, methanol and chloroform. Metabolomics profiling was used in association with univariate and multivariate data analysis to determine metabolomic phenotyping. The metabolites, malate, oxalacetate, phenylaniline, taurine, sn-glycero-3-phosphate, glycine, N-acetyl mate, lactate, ATP, AMP, valine, pyruvate, ADP, serine, niacinamide are significantly impacted. The metabolism of amino acids, energy and nucleotides are influenced by SWCNT which might indicate a disturbance in metabolic reaction networks. In conclusion, using high-throughput analytical methods, we provide a perspective of metabolic impacts and the underlying associated metabolic pathways.

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a synthetic antioxidant has been extensively used as a preservative in assorted products including food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, animal feeds etc. Despite being an exemplary preservative BHA has its own costs and benefits. High levels of BHA have been reported to cause severe damages at the cellular level in most fishes. On this certitude, the present study was designed to scrutinize the sublethal toxicity impacts of BHA at the molecular level in both the embryos as well as juvenile species of Zebrafish. The acute exposure studies were carried out by exposing the embryos and juveniles to a series of BHA concentration (1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µM) along with a control. After the acute exposure hatching rate was analyzed along with survival and deformities. The survived individuals were subjected to length analysis to understand the impacts on morphometric characters. The results revealed severe eye, spinal cord and yolk sac deformities in the embryos. 50 and 100 µM BHA revealed very low viability and increased heart rate (≈168bpm at 25µM).

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