Anatomical, cognitive and behavioral sex differences are widely recognized in many species. It has been proposed that some of these differences might result from the organizing effects of prenatal sex steroids. In humans, males usually exhibit higher levels of physical aggression and prowess. In this study, we analyze the relationship between second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratios-a proxy for prenatal androgen levels-and foul play and sporting performance in a sample of junior soccer players from a professional Uruguayan soccer club. Our results show that the most aggressive players (i.e., those awarded one or more red cards) have a more masculine finger pattern (lower 2D:4D ratio), while no relationship could be found between sporting performance and 2D:4D ratios. The results are discussed in the context of previous findings. Aggr. Behav. 42:417-426, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Intrasexual competition refers to the rivalry between same-sex individuals over access to potential mates. Because in many animal species larger males are more likely to defeat smaller opponents over access to potential mates and additional resources, it has been suggested that intrasexual competition was a major driver in the emergence of male-biased sexual size dimorphism. In the same vein, human male height has been related to aggressive behavior, status and dominance. Given the value of body size in agonistic interactions, body inflation strategies are likely to have evolved in many animal species. In this study, we explored the relationship of the bias in reporting one's own height-a phenomenon reminiscent of animal self-inflation mechanisms-with intrasexual competition, and sociable and aggressive dominance, in the highly competitive context of Uruguayan pre-professional soccer. We also considered the bias in reporting additional operationalizations of body size, i.e., weight, and body mass index (BMI). We showed that intrasexual competition is positively correlated with height over-report. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to relate intrasexual competition and the bias in reporting one's own height, a putative indicator or power and status.

Este estudio instrumental analiza las propiedades psicométricas de una  escala que evalúa el funcionamiento familiar a partir del Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV; Olson, 2011), aplicada a una muestra de 356 familias, mediante muestreo incidental en Montevideo.  Se evalúa la estructura factorial, fiabilidad y validez de la versión abreviada. Se prueba mediante Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) el modelo de 6 factores que incluye dos escalas balanceadas (cohesión y flexibilidad) y cuatro escalas desbalanceadas (caótica, rígida, desligada, y enmarañada), cada una con 4 ítems. Todas las escalas demostraron tener adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, el AFC presenta índices de ajuste aceptables (RMSEA = .034; CFI = .92; TLI = .91; IFI = .92). Esta versión del instrumento resulta útil para la investigación del funcionamiento familiar. Es necesario realizar más estudios para mejorar su adaptación a nuestra cultura, analizando la validez de contenido en las escalas enmarañada y rígida.

This report presents information on the design and validity of the Batería Neuropsicológica Digital Infantil (BANEDI - in English Digital Developmental Neuropsychological Test Battery) based on data collected from a sample of 988 children/adolescents in Montevideo, Uruguay and Buenos Aires, Argentina. Building on recent contributions from cognitive neuropsychology, this instrument aims to assess the neuropsychological development of children and adolescents aged 4 to 15 years and attending Preschool to 3rd year of Secondary school in the region of Río de la Plata. BANEDI intends to be a clinically useful and scientifically rigorous tool to collect information on the following eight cognitive domains: memory, attention and executive functions, theory of mind, metalinguistic skills, oral language, visual-spatial skills, written language and mathematical skills. It consists of a total of 75 subtests and two questionnaires for parents and teachers.In this report we provide information on the results of item parameter analyses of the subtests included in the battery, as well as evidence on the content, criterion and developmental validity of BANEDI. To conclude, results reflect that BANEDI meets the criteria to ensure psychometric quality and can therefore be used to complete a valid estimation of the neuropsychological functioning of children/adolescents aged 4 to 15 years and attending Preschool to 3rd year of Secondary school.

Se estudia la Comorbilidad entre consumo de drogas legales e ilegales y el tipo de Trastorno de Personalidad en una muestra de 320 adultos: a través de Entrevista Clínica Psiquiátrica (estandarizada y normatizada) a pacientes que concurrieron a un servicio especializado en adicciones. Hay un predominio del sexo masculino, solteros, con edad de inicio en el consumo de drogas de 20 años y de consulta –promedio- de 35 años. El 50% de las consultas fue por alcohol, en ambos sexos. Las drogas ilegales más frecuentes fueron marihuana y cocaína. Se encontraron diferencias de género, entre ellas, el consumo de sedantes propio de las mujeres y el de marihuana en los hombres, así como un perfil de personalidad diferente. En los Trastornos de Personalidad predominaron los del grupo B. El consumo de drogas ilegales se asocia a los Trastornos Disocial y Límite. En los hombres se agrega el Narcisista y en las mujeres el Histriónico y Dependiente.