Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is one of the main causes of impaired productivity and reproduction of cows. Antigen capture Elisa (ACE) is one of the serological technique that is sensitive, reliable and used regularly for detecting persistent BVD infection individually which simpler than multiplex nested PCR. The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between ACE and multiplex nested PCR as a routine laboratory diagnostic technique to detect the presence of BVD infection. A total of 128 cow serum samples consisting of 63 positive and 65 negative samples based on ACE were used in this study. The samples were collected from active and passive surveillance in dairy and beef cattle conducted by Balai Besar Veteriner (BBVet) Wates. The serum samples were then tested molecularly using multiplex nested PCR against BVD. The result showed 48 out of 63 BVDV-1 positive samples were found positive BVD antigen whereas 57 of 65 BVDV-1 negative samples were negative using multiplex nested PCR, . The agreement value between the two different assays based on statistic analysis using Kappa method was 0.64 and classified a good one. The result concluded that the ACE BVD assay was equally suitable as routine diagnosis to determine BVD infected cattle in the farm. Keywords: Antigen capture ELISA; Bovine viral diarrhea; Kappa; Multiplex nested PCR. Abstrak Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) merupakan salah satu penyebab gangguan produktivitas dan reproduksi sapi. Antigen capture ELISA (ACE) merupakan salah satu teknik serologis yang sensitif, dapat diandalkan dan digunakan secara teratur untuk mendeteksi infeksi BVD persisten secara individual yang lebih sederhana daripada multiplex nested PCR. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antara uji ACE dan multiplex nested PCR sebagai teknik diagnostik laboratorium rutin untuk mendeteksi adanya infeksi BVD. Sebanyak 128 sampel serum sapi yang terdiri dari 63 sampel positif dan 65 negatif berdasarkan ACE BVDV Antigen Test Kit/Serum Plus (Idexx®) digunakan dalam kajian ini. Sampel serum sapi merupakan koleksi dari surveilans aktif dan pasif pada sapi perah dan potong yang dilakukan Balai Besar Veteriner (BBVet) Wates. Sampel serum kemudian diuji secara molekuler menggunakan multiplex nested PCR terhadap BVD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan teknik multiplex nested PCR, 48 dari 63 sampel positif BVDV-1 ditemukan positif untuk antigen BVD sedangkan 57 dari 65 sampel negatif BVDV-1 negatif untuk antigen BVD. Analisis statitik berdasarkan perhitungan metoda Kappa menunjukkan nilai kesesuaian antara dua uji sebesar 0,64 dan tergolong bagus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesimpulan bahwa uji ACE BVD sesuai sebagai diagnosis rutin untuk menentukan ternak yang terinfeksi BVD di peternakan. Kata kunci: Antigen capture ELISA; Bovine viral diarrhea; Kappa; Multiplex nested PCR.
Insomnia merupakan masalah umum yang dialami lansia karena penurunan pola tidur sebagai akibat dari proses penuaan yang normal. Namun masalah tidur yang diabaikan dapat berdampak pada penurunan kualitas hidup dan kejadian bunuh diri. Perlu evaluasi terkait gejala insomnia yang dapat terjadi sebagai gangguan primer atau akibat dari kondisi komorbid lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecemasan dan kesepian dengan insomnia pada lansia di Surabaya. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan metode survei dengan melibatkan 94 lansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur Insomnia Severity Index, Geriatric Anxiety Scale, dan UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecemasan dan kesepian memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan insomnia pada lansia di Surabaya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa lansia yang mengalami kecemasan dan kesepian maka cenderung mengalami insomnia juga.
Abstract. Mahasri G, Koesdarto S, Kismiyati, Sari DPW, Santamurti MB, Kandi IW, Fitri SDS, Amin M. 2019. Prevalence and intensity of Trypanosoma sp. in wild swamp eels (Synbranchus bengalensis) marketed in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3262-3268. Trypanosoma sp. is parasitic protozoa, which can infect not only aquatic organisms but also humans. As the parasite considered a zoonosis disease, there has been a lot of concern about the presence of this parasite in aquaculture commodities. This research aimed to detect and determine the prevalence and intensity of Trypanosoma sp. infection in wild-caught swamp eels (Synbranchus bengalensis) marketed in Surabaya. A total of sixty swamp eels with 47.30±4.69 cm in length were collected from two different locations, Ambengan and Karah, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The swamp eels were transported alive in two aerated plastic bags to the laboratory. The observed parameters were prevalence and intensity of Trypanosoma sp. in the eels’ blood, total erythrocyte counts and total differential leucocyte count (monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophil, and neutrophil). The result showed that 7 of 30 (23%) wild-caught swam eels obtained from Ambengan and 9 of 30 eels (30%) collected from Karah were infected by Trypanosoma sp. The intensity of the parasite in eels collected from both locations was considered as moderate, 12.6 parasites/eel (Ambengan) and 5.9 parasites/eel (Karah). Additionally, hematology analysis indicated total erythrocytes count of blood in the infected eels from both locations were significantly lower than total erythrocytes of blood in the non-infected eels, p<0.05. Furthermore, hematology analysis indicated that the numbers of monocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil were significantly different than that of non-infected eels, P<0.05. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in cell counts of basophils and eosinophil in the blood of infected and non-infected eels, p>0,05. These results demonstrate that swamp eels marketed in Surabaya were infected by Trypanosoma sp.
Research conducted for observe phylogenetic relationship swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Ogan Ilir regency, South Sumatera based on morphological characteristic. The Sampling done by using a survey method and inventory in the field (on-farm) to obtain data of the characterization and swamp buffalo morphological. The result indicate that there are six variant, namely are BlackBuffalo, Lampung Buffalo, Red Buffalo, Dungkul Buffalo, Straight Buffalo, and Tunjang Langit Buffalo. Black Buffalo has black body colour and horns bent backwards. Lampung has black body colour and horns bent upwards. Red Buffalo has red body colour and horns bent upwards. Dungkul has black body colour and horns bent downwards. Straight has black body colour and horns bent straight to the side. Tunjang Langit Buffalo has black body colour and horns bent upwards and downwards.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menyimak dan berbicara menggunakan metode bercerita dengan bantuan media audio pada anak kelompok B di PAUD Sayang Bunda Bengkulu Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas, dilakukan melalui dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelompok B sebanyak 15 orang anak. Objek penelitian adalah kemampuan menyimak dan berbicara. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode observasi dan dokumentasi. Indikator keberhasilan yang ditargetkan dalam penelitian ini adalah mencapai kriteria baik yaitu 80% dari jumlah anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan kemampuan menyimak dan berbicara anak. Persentase rata- rata keberhasilan yang diperoleh pada siklus I sebesar 63,35% dan meningkat pada siklus II sebesar 17,7% menjadi 81,05%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode bercerita dengan bantuan media audio dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menyimak dan berbicara. Disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya, diharapkan dapat membuat penelitian mengenai keterampilan menyimak dan berbicara dengan variasi yang lebih baik lagi.
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